Minerals Management Service. A unit in the U.S. Department of the Interior responsible for entering into and managing leases for the recovery of minerals on the outer continental shelf and for collecting and distributing royalty and other payments due the U.S. and Indian tribes from mineral production.
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commerce clause 〈美〉商业条款 指美国宪法第一条第八款第三项。该条款授权国会排他地管理对外贸易〔commerce with foreign nations〕、州际商业〔commerce among the several states〕和同印第安部落的商业〔commerce with Indian tribes〕。相当数量的联邦法律和条例是依据该条款制定的。
Tribal Court. Under the Indian Child Welfare Act, a court with child-custody jurisdiction that is (1) a Court of Indian Offenses, (2) a court established and operated under the code or custom of a tribe, or (3) any other tribal administrative body that is vested with authority over child-custody proceedings. • The Tribal Court is
tribal land. A part of an Indian reservation that is not allotted to or occupied by individual Indians but is held as the common land of the tribe. Cf. INDIAN LAND. [Cases: Indians 9. C.J.S. Indians § 67.]
McClanahan presumption. The presumption that the states do not have jurisdiction to tax members of a Native American tribe who live or work on tribal land. • The presumption is not limited to tribal members who live or work on a formal reservation. Instead, it includes those who live or work on informal reservations, in
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headright. In American Indian law, a tribe member’s right to a pro rata portion of income from a tribal trust fund set up under the Allotment Act of 1906. • This type of trust fund is funded largely by mineral royalties arising from land held or once held by the tribe member’s tribe. [Cases: Indians