taking, n. 1. Criminal & tort law. The act of seizing an article, with or without removing it, but with an implicit transfer of possession or control. constructive taking. An act that does not equal an actual appropriation of an article but that does show an intention to convert it, as when a person entrusted […]
de warrantia chartae (dee w[schwa]-ran-shee-[schwa] kahr-tee), n. [Law Latin “of a warranty of charter”] Hist. A writ allowing a tenant enfeoffed with a warranty, who was impleaded in an assize or other action in which the tenant could not call upon the warranty, to compel the feoffor to assist the tenant with a plea or
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deforcement. 1. An act of keeping lands from the true owner by force. 2. An act of ousting another from possession by means of force. 3. An act of detaining a creditor’s money unjustly and forcibly.
notice n. (1)通知；告知 将某一事实通知某人即为使该人知情，故依据当时情势，无论其实际知道还是应当知道此事实，均得谓该人已得到通知。通知可以是实际通知〔actual notice〕、替代通知〔imputed notice〕或推定通知〔coustructive notice〕。实际通知或称明示通知〔express notice〕，是由某人以口头或书面方式向他人所作的传达；替代通知是由某人向他人的代理人进行通知，并假定该代理人将向被代理人告知，但该种假定可以被反驳；推定通知是指，如果某人在当时的合理情势下经由一般性查询即可知悉某一事实，则推定其已经知情。推定通知通常采用公共登记或其他公开方式，如政府公报。在英国财产法上曾存在一项衡平法上的通知原则〔equitable doctrine of notice〕，指当某人在被通知某一地产上存在一项在先的衡平法权利后，仍然购买该地产，则尽管其支付相应对价，亦构成恶意买主〔mala fide purchaser〕，无权通过买受普通法上地产权的方式对抗该衡平法权利。但1972年《土地负担法》〔Land Charges Act〕中的土地负担(例如抵押)登记制度与1925年《土地登记法》〔Land Registration Act〕中的土地所有权登记制度，已对上述原则有重大修改。在美国，各州的制定法有所不同，计有善意登记权利优先法〔notice-race statute〕、善意买主权利优先法〔notice statute〕、登记在先权利优先法〔race statute〕等三种。 (2)知悉；知情 指某人已获得通知的状况，无论其实际是否知道。就此而言，它与「明知」〔knowledge〕有所区别，明知即为某人实际意识到某一事实状况，而知悉仅指某人有理由意识到某一事实状况。 (3)认知(→judicial notice) (4)通知书；通知单 通知的书面形式。 (5)告示；公告；公示 v.通知；注意
reseiser (ri-see-z[schwa]r). Hist. The taking of lands by the monarch in a case in which a general livery or ouster le main was previously misused.
disseisin n. 强占；(对不动产占有的)强夺；剥夺；非法剥夺对不动产的占有 指以非法驱逐的方式排斥或剥夺他人对地产、出租房屋或其他继承财产事实上占有的行为。它不同于侵夺〔abatement〕和侵入〔intrusion〕，后两者指非法侵入无人占有的地产或房屋，即法律上的强占〔ouster in law〕。「disseisin」则是指通过驱逐实际占有人而实现对事实占有的强夺，即事实上的强占〔ouster in deed〕。被强占者享有进占权〔right of entry〕和诉讼权〔right of action〕。选择强占〔disseisin by election〕是指在强占行为实际上并未发生的情况下，当事人声称遭到了强占，但其目的只是为了取得更为简捷的新侵占之令〔writ of assize of novel disseisin〕。衡平法上的强占〔equitable disseisin〕指权利人被非法剥夺了衡平法上的占有，即地租和其他收益。对无形的可继承财产的强占〔disseisin of incorporeal hereditaments〕因为无形的可继承财产不能事实上占有，因而仅指对权利人享有权利的干扰和妨碍。因诉讼格式的废除，强占和其他非法剥夺、侵占他人对土地占有的行为的区别已没有实际意义，并已被废除。 (→seisin; dispossession; abatement; intrusion)
consent rule 同意书 逐出侵占租地人之诉〔ejectment〕中的一种书面文件，据此，事实上的被告承认拟制的租约〔lease〕、侵占土地〔entry〕以及驱逐者〔ouster〕，而仅仅依据其在土地上的所有权进行抗辩。(→ejectment)
eject, vb. 1. To cast or throw out. 2. To oust or dispossess; to put or turn out of possession. 3. To expel or thrust out forcibly (e.g., disorderly patrons). — ejector, vb.
legitima potestas (l[schwa]-jit-[schwa]-m[schwa] p[schwa]-tes-t[ schwa]s or -tas). [Latin] Scots law. The lawful power, esp. to dispose of one’s property. Cf. LIEGE POUSTIE.