A surety who is paid for becoming obliged to the creditor; esp., one that engages in the business of executing suretyship contracts in exchange for premiums, which are determined by an actuarial computation of risks. • A bonding company is a typical example of a compensated surety. — Also termed commercial surety.
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guarantee (gar-[schwa]n-tee), n. 1. The assurance that a contract or legal act will be duly carried out. 2. GUARANTY(1). “In practice, guarantee, n. , is the usual term, seen often, for example, in the context of consumer warranties or other assurances of quality or performance. Guaranty, in contrast, is now used primarily in financial and
bond n. (1)〈美〉保证书；保函 一个人承诺其本人或其继承人、遗嘱执行人或财产受让人向另一个人支付一定数额金钱的契据〔deed〕。其中保证人称为obligor，被保证人称为obligee。普通法上的保证书分为单纯保证书〔single bond；simple bond〕和惩罚性保证书〔penal bond〕两种。依前者，保证人无条件承担即期或在规定日期付款的责任，现此类保证书已废弃不用。后者以规定事由的发生为免除保证人付款责任的条件，即只有保证人或其他人——例如债务担保〔suretyship bond〕中的债务人——作出或未作出一定行为时，保证人才向被保证人承担付款责任。 (2)(在他人因第三者的行为或过失或由于第三者无法控制的意外事件而遭受经济损失时给予他人赔偿的)保证；保证协议 (3)保释人(=bail)；保证人(=surety) (4)保证金；保释金 (5)〈苏格兰〉抵押(=mortgage) (6)协议；合同；契约；盟约；约定 (7)债券 政府或公司签发的承诺向持有人支付一定利息并在到期后偿还本金的借款证书。通常发行人以财产抵押作为偿付担保，但bond在广义上也可指无担保债券〔debenture〕。 (8)关栈保留；保税 指进口商将未交关税的货物存入海关保税仓库〔bonded warehouse; bonded store〕之中，在海关监管下加工、存储和运输，并保证在取出货物时完税。 (9)义务；责任；约束力 (10)监禁；关押 (11)隶农；农奴；奴隶(→base tenants; serf) (12)〈美〉保释书(→bail bond) v. (13)为…提供保证或保释；使…作出保证 (14)以…为抵押作出保证或发行债券 (15)使…成为有保证的债务 (16)把(进口货物)存入保税仓库 (17)〈美〉给予或取得在一定期限内采矿或开发地产的特权 (18)约束；以契约或盟约将…联系或结合在一起
A type of defense that is good against any possible claimant, so that the maker or drawer of a negotiable instrument can raise it even against a holder in due course. • The ten real defenses are (1) fraud in the factum, (2) forgery of a necessary signature, (3) adjudicated insanity that, under state law,
Restatement. One of several influential treatises published by the American Law Institute describing the law in a given area and guiding its development. • The Restatements use a distinctive format of black-letter rules, official comments, illustrations, and reporter’s notes. Although the Restatements are frequently cited in cases and commentary, a Restatement provision is not binding
borg (borg), n. Hist. Scots law. 1. A thing deposited as a security, esp. for bail or a suretyship. 2. A surety. — Also spelled borgh; borh.
A contract entered into primarily for the purpose of carrying out a principal contract. • The principal types are suretyship, indemnity, pledge, warranty, and ratification. Cf. principal contract.
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担保人/担保 英语：surety/suretyship 法语：garant/sûreté, cautionnement 德语：Bürge, Garant/Bürgschaft, Kreditsicherheit, Kaution 意大利语：fideiussore/garanzia, cauzione, fide- iussione 西班牙语：garante/garantía