Succession to an entire estate of another at death. • This type of succession carries with it the predecessor’s liabilities as well as assets. Originally developed by Roman law and later continued by civil law, this concept has now been widely adopted as an option endorsed and authorized by the Uniform Probate Code. La. Civ. […]
universal succession Read More »
An executor who, unlike an ordinary executor, can administer the estate with very little supervision by the probate court. • Only a few states — mostly in the West and Southwest — allow testators to designate independent executors. But lawyers routinely write wills that relieve a trusted executor from obtaining appraisals, from providing inventories and
independent executor Read More »
parent n. 父(母)亲 指合法的父亲或母亲。在通常的用法中，「父(母)亲」一词不仅指生育子女的人，而且包括与子女相互间存有感情和爱心，抚育、教养和指导子女的人。在美国的制定法中，「父(母)亲」指：１婚姻关系存续期间生育子女，且未经法院剥夺监护权的生父或生母；２未被剥夺监护权的养父或养母；３未被剥夺监护权的非婚生子女的生母；４公开承认父亲身份并实际帮助抚养子女被公认的生父；５法院指定的监护人。此外，美国《统一遗嘱检验法典》〔Uniform Probate Code〕对子女死亡时有权继承遗产的父母也作有规定。(→adoption; loco parentis; parens patriae; surrogate parent)
devise n. (1)不动产遗赠；遗赠 在其严格和传统意义上，该词仅指对不动产进行遗嘱处分，但在其广泛含义上，包括对动产和不动产的遗赠。在制定法上使用该词，除非立法者明确表示相反意图，否则仅指其严格含义，即对不动产的遗赠。例如美国《统一遗嘱检验法典》〔Uniform Probate Code〕对动产与不动产未加区分，该词可表示对任何财产的遗赠。但在英国制定法中，则以该词表示不动产遗赠为当。当事人在其遗嘱中使用该词，可根据遗嘱意图而解释为包括对动产的处分。与该词相对应的术语还有「bequest」、「legacy」。三者区别表现在：「devise」在传统上指对不动产的处分；「bequest」则指对除金钱以外的动产的处分，但在现代意义上已倾向于包括金钱在内；「legacy」则更多的是指对金钱的处分。 (2)(遗嘱中的)不动产遗赠条款 (3)遗赠的财产 尤指不动产。 (4)处分不动产的遗嘱 v. (5)遗赠；不动产遗赠；不动产赠与 (6)发明；设计；策划
slayer statute. Slang. A statute that prohibits a person’s killer from taking any part of the decedent’s estate through will or intestacy. • The Uniform Probate Code and nearly all jurisdictions have a slayer-statute provision.
An adopted child’s intestate inheritance through both his adopted family and his natural parent. • The problem of dual inheritance occurs only if a relative of the birth parent adopts the child. For instance, if a child’s mother dies and the maternal grandparents adopt the grandchild, and if a grandparent then dies intestate, the child
pretermitted-heir statute. A state law that, under certain circumstances, grants an omitted heir the right to inherit a share of the testator’s estate, usu. by treating the heir as though the testator had died intestate. • Most states have a pretermitted-heir statute, under which an omitted child or spouse receives the same share of the
pretermitted heir statute Read More »
abatement of legacies 遗赠的减免 当遗产不足以完全支付根据遗嘱所产生的遗赠时，遗赠人不能获得遗产或只能获得部分遗产。在英格兰，根据1925年《遗产管理法》〔Administration of Estates Act〕的规定，一般遗赠〔general legacies〕按照遗赠数额比例减免，除非该一般遗赠系出于偿付某一债务或其他对价而作出的；如果遗产不足以清偿所有债务，则特定遗赠〔specific legacies〕与指示遗赠〔demonstrative legacies〕亦须减免；如果指定的遗产不足以支付指示遗赠，则该种遗赠亦须减免。例如，甲的遗产包括一幅画、300英镑的银行存款以及700英镑的其他款项，并有100英镑的债务。甲的遗嘱中规定：一幅画赠与乙，500英镑的银行存款给丙，800英镑给丁，200英镑给戊。这样，乙为特定遗赠、丙为指示遗赠、丁和戊为一般遗赠，遗赠减免后的结果为：乙获得该幅画；丙因指定的遗产金额不足，故仅得甲的300英镑银行存款；丁和戊应在700英镑的其他款项扣除100英镑的债务后按比例分配，各得480英镑与120英镑。美国《统一遗嘱检验法典》〔Uniform Probate Code〕亦规定，如果金钱遗赠〔pecuniary legacies〕不能全部得到支付，则按比例扣减。 (→ademption)
abatement of legacies Read More »
model act 〈美〉示范法；模范法 由统一州法律委员全国会议〔National Conference of Commissioners of Uniform State Laws〕提出以供各州立法机关采纳的法律，如《统一商法典》〔Uniform Commercial Code〕、《示范刑法典》〔Model Penal Code〕、《示范遗嘱检验法典》〔Model Probate Code〕。对示范法是否采纳及如何采纳，各州有自主权。通常各州为适应自身需要对之作某种程度修订后予以接受或者可能只采纳其中一部分。
E-Sign Act. The short name for the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, a 2000 federal statute that establishes the legal equivalency of electronic contracts, electronic signatures, and other electronic records with their paper counterparts. • The E-Sign Act applies to all types of transactions, whether in interstate or foreign commerce, unless a