A crime that affects commerce; esp., a crime directed toward the property or revenues of a commercial establishment. • Examples include robbery of a business, embezzlement, counterfeiting, forgery, prostitution, illegal gambling, and extortion. See 26 CFR § 403.38.
The intent to accomplish the precise criminal act that one is later charged with. • At common law, the specific-intent crimes were robbery, assault, larceny, burglary, forgery, false pretenses, embezzlement, attempt, solicitation, and conspiracy. — Also termed criminal intent. See SPECIFIC-INTENT DEFENSE. [Cases: Criminal Law 20. Criminal Law §§ 31–33, 35–39; Negligence § 913.]
bank-statement rule. Commercial law. The principle that if a bank customer fails to examine a bank statement and any items returned with it, and report to the bank within a reasonable time any unauthorized payments because of a material alteration or forgery, the customer may be precluded from complaining about the alteration or forgery. UCC
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Court of Requests. Hist. A royal court whose jurisdiction was mainly civil, though it exercised quasi-criminal jurisdiction in offenses such as riot and forgery. • Dating from 1483, the Court of Requests was a part of the Privy Council. It was disbanded in 1641 when Parliament limited the Privy Council’s judicial functions. “The establishment of
伪造 英语：forgery 法语：faux en écritures 德语：Fälschung, Urkundenfälschung 意大利语：contraffazione, falsificazione 西班牙语：falsificación, falso