A signature made without actual, implied, or apparent authority. • It includes a forgery. UCC § 1-201(b)(41). [Cases: Banks and Banking 147; Bills and Notes 54, 279. Banks and Banking §§ 415–416; Bills and Notes; Letters of Credit §§ 26–30, 150–151.]
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United States Secret Service. A law-enforcement agency in the U.S. Department of Homeland Security responsible for providing security for the President, Vice President, certain other government officials, and visiting foreign diplomats, and for protecting U.S. currency by enforcing the laws relating to counterfeiting, forgery, and credit-card fraud. • The Service was transferred from the Department
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fake, n. Something that is not what it purports to be. See FORGERY (2); IMPOSTOR. fake, vb. To make or construct falsely. See COUNTERFEIT.
check fraud 支票诈骗 由在银行或在付款人处开有合法账户的人签发作为合法的正式票据支票、汇票或汇款单，如果该票据的签发人或使用人事前明知银行或付款人将因存款不足或账户已结清而拒付，则该签发或使用票据的行为就构成支票诈骗。非法印制支票或签发不属于自己的账户的支票构成伪造罪〔forgery〕。
fictitious-payee rule. Commercial law. The principle that if a drawer or maker issues commercial paper to a payee whom the drawer or maker does not actually intend to have any interest in the instrument, an ensuing forgery of the payee’s name will be effective to pass good title to later transferees. — Also termed padded-payroll
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A crime against another’s personal property. • The common-law offenses against property were larceny, embezzlement, cheating, cheating by false pretenses, robbery, receiving stolen goods, malicious mischief, forgery, and uttering forged instruments. Although the term crimes against property, a common term in modern usage, includes crimes against real property, the term offense against property is traditionally
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A type of defense that is good against any possible claimant, so that the maker or drawer of a negotiable instrument can raise it even against a holder in due course. • The ten real defenses are (1) fraud in the factum, (2) forgery of a necessary signature, (3) adjudicated insanity that, under state law,
impostor rule. Commercial law. The principle that an impostor’s indorsement of a negotiable instrument is not a forgery, and that the drawer or maker who issues the instrument to the imposter is negligent and therefore liable to the holder for payment. • If a drawer or maker issues an instrument to an impostor, any resulting
uttering. The crime of presenting a false or worthless instrument with the intent to harm or defraud. — Also termed uttering a forged instrument. See FORGERY. [Cases: False Pretenses 6; Forgery 16.]
de fide instrumentorum (dee fI-dee in-str[schwa]-men-tor-[schwa]m). [Latin] Roman & Scots law. On the reliance to be placed on written documents. • The phrase appeared in reference to actions of rescission based on forgery.
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