pass, vb. 1. To pronounce or render an opinion, ruling, sentence, or judgment ( the court refused to pass on the constitutional issue, deciding the case instead on procedural grounds). 2. To transfer or be transferred (the woman’s will passes title to the house to her nephew, much to her husband’s surprise) (title passed when […]
signum (sig-n[schwa]m), n. [Latin] Roman law. 1. A sign; a seal. “Signum. (On written documents.) A seal (a stamp) put on to close a document in order to make its contents inaccessible to unauthorized persons and protect against forgery, or at the end of it after the written text. In the latter case the seal
genuine, adj. 1. (Of a thing) authentic or real; something that has the quality of what it is purported to be or to have (the plaintiff failed to question whether the exhibits were genuine). 2. (Of an instrument) free of forgery or counterfeiting (the bank teller could not determine whether the signature on the check
utter, adj. Complete; absolute; total (an utter denial). utter, vb. 1. To say, express, or publish (don’t utter another word until your attorney is present). 2. To put or send (a document) into circulation; esp., to circulate (a forged note) as if genuine (she uttered a counterfeit $50 bill at the grocery store). [Cases: Counterfeiting
imitation n. 模仿；仿造；仿冒 按照一物的形象而制造另一物，例如假币就是仿冒真币而成。也指仿造物或复制品。对商标的仿冒是指与真正的商标非常相似，从而很可能使人信以为真，不论是使用了在外形或读音上相似的词语或字母，还是使用了符号、装置或其他手段。「引人误解的仿冒」〔colorable imitation〕测试是指：购买者在没有机会将两个相互竞争的商品的名称放在一起进行比较的情况下，能否看出两者的不同之处，而不是指将这两种名称并列比较时能否看出其不同之处。 (→counterfeit；forgery)
peril. 1. Exposure to the risk of injury, damage, or loss (the perils of litigation). inescapable peril. A danger that one cannot avoid without another’s help. See LAST-CLEAR-CHANCE DOCTRINE. [Cases: Negligence 530(1). C.J.S. Negligence §§ 281–290, 313, 318.] 2. Insurance. The cause of a risk of loss to person or property; esp., the cause of
Hist. A royal court whose jurisdiction was mainly civil, though it exercised quasi-criminal jurisdiction in offenses such as riot and forgery. • Dating from 1483, the Court of Requests was a part of the Privy Council. It was disbanded in 1641 when Parliament limited the Privy Council’s judicial functions.
fraudulent alteration 欺诈性变造 为获得更多利益而不诚实地、欺骗性地更改契据、证件或其他书面文件所载明的条款。 (→alteration; forgery； raised check)
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