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generalia specialibus non derogant

glossary / GENERALIA SPECIALIBUS NON DEROGANT

generalia specialibus non derogant (jen-[schwa]-ray-lee-[schwa] spesh-ee-ay-l[schwa]-b[schwa]s non der-[schwa]-g[schwa]nt). [Latin “general things do not derogate from specific things”] The doctrine holding that general words in a later statute do not repeal an earlier statutory provision dealing with a special subject. • This principle illustrates the cautious approach that some courts have adopted in interpreting broad provisions, […]

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court of the marshalsea

glossary / COURT OF THE MARSHALSEA

Court of the Marshalsea (mahr-sh[schwa]l-see). Hist. A court that moved about with the king, and had jurisdiction over certain cases arising within 12 miles of the king’s residence (an area known as the verge). • The Court’s steward and marshal acted as judges of the Court, and heard criminal cases and the common pleas of

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standing civilian courts

glossary / standing civilian courts, 常设文职人员法庭

standing civilian courts 〈英〉常设文职人员法庭设立于1976年，通常由一名军法署署长助理〔assistant judge advocate general〕组成,在有些案件中还需另有两名法庭顾问〔assessor〕参加。负责审理联合王国以外在军中服役人员以及随军但不属于军法管辖的人员犯罪的案件。被定罪的文职人员可就犯罪事实认定或判刑向军事法院上诉或向有复审权的机构申诉。

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in generali passagio

glossary / IN GENERALI PASSAGIO

in generali passagio (in jen-[schwa]-ray-lI p[schwa]-say-jee-oh), adv. [Law Latin] Hist. In the general passage (to the holy land with a company of Crusaders). • This type of pilgrimage excused an absence from court during the Crusades. Cf. SIMPLEX PASSAGIUM.

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court-martial

glossary / COURT-MARTIAL, 军事法庭, 军事法院

court-martial n. 军事法院；军事法庭在美国，军事法院是对违反《统一军事司法法典》〔Uniform Code of Military Justice〕，特别是军队人员违反该法典的案件行使审判权的专门法院，它不属于根据美国宪法第三条的规定而设立的联邦法院，而是国会根据宪法赋予其管理军队的权力在军队中设立的刑事法院，其管辖权限于刑罚与军纪案件。有三种形式，按其级别由低到高排列依次为：简易军事法院〔summary〕、特别军事法院〔special〕和一般军事法院〔general〕，其组成也各不相同，案件由哪一级法院审理取决于犯罪的严重程度。军事法院主要是为处理军队内部案件，但对许多民事违法行为〔civil offenses〕与民事法院有共同管辖权。在英国，军事法院是有权对正在军中服役人员违反军事法律或普通法律的犯罪行为进行审判和处罚的法院，1955年的《陆军法》〔Army Act〕、《空军法》〔Air Force Act〕和1957年的《海军纪律法》〔Naval Discipline Act〕对有关军事法院的设置和权限等都作了规定，根据1968年《军事法院(上诉)法》〔Courts-Martial (Appeals) Act〕,对陆军、空军和海军军事法院所作的有罪判决不服的，可上诉至军事上诉法院〔Courts-Martial Appeal Court〕。如果案件涉及对公众具有特别重要意义的法律问题，经总检察长许可，还可上诉至上议院。

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General Council of the Bar

glossary / General Council of the Bar, 出庭律师总理事会

General Council of the Bar 〈英〉出庭律师总理事会 1895年成立的代表整个英国出庭律师界的机构，处理有关出庭律师界的荣誉和独立、职业标准、品行与礼仪、法律教育的促进、法律援助制度以及有关事项。总理事会在出庭律师公会与出庭律师理事会评议会〔Senate of the Inns of Court and the Bar〕的范围内从事活动，但在其独立权力与职能方面有自主性。总理事会由主席、副主席、总检察长、副总检察长及其他成员组成，其工作通过常设委员会和特别委员会开展。总理事会无惩戒权。 (→Senate of the Inns of Court and the Bar)

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lord justice general

glossary / LORD JUSTICE GENERAL

Lord Justice General. Scots law. The highest judicial officer in Scotland, and head of the High Court of Justiciary. • The Lord Justice General also holds the office of Lord President of the Court of Session.

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court martial

glossary / COURT-MARTIAL

court-martial, n. An ad hoc military court convened under military authority to try someone accused of violating the Uniform Code of Military Justice, particularly a member of the armed forces. [Cases: Armed Services 42; Military Justice 870–898. C.J.S. Armed Services § 166; Military Justice §§ 13, 138–158.] Pl. courts-martial. — court-martial, vb. “[C]ourts-martial are not

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High Court of Justiciary

glossary / High Court of Justiciary, 高等刑事法院

High Court of Justiciary 〈苏格兰〉高等刑事法院苏格兰的最高刑事法院，1672年设立，由最高法院院长〔Lord Justice-General〕、副院长〔Lord Justice Clerk〕和5名常任法官〔Lords Commissioners of Justiciary〕组成。它的司法管辖权涉及到任何在苏格兰领土内实施的犯罪、在领水内发生的犯罪、以及在公海上发生的海盗行为。只有该法院有权审理叛国罪、谋杀罪、强奸罪、治安法官的渎职罪、泄露官方秘密罪、邮递员非法占有他人信件罪及其他一些案件。高等刑事法院有三种职能：１作为审判庭审理案件；２作为上诉法庭审理来自郡法院和其他低级法院的即决案件的上诉；３作为上诉法庭审理来自高等刑事法院和郡长法庭的按起诉程序审理的案件的上诉。高等刑事法院的判决在苏格兰刑事制度以及刑事诉讼规则中是最重要的。按照《程序条例》〔Act of Adjournal〕高等刑事法院的法官有权为调整刑事诉讼程序制定规则。

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general imparlance

glossary / general imparlance

The allowance of time until the court’s next term, without reserving to the defendant the benefit of any exception. • With this type of imparlance, the requesting defendant cannot later object to the jurisdiction of the court or plead any matter in abatement.

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