adequate-state-grounds doctrine. A judge-made principle that prevents the U.S. Supreme Court from reviewing a state-court decision based partially on state law if a decision on a federal issue would not change the result. [Cases: Federal Courts 502.]
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duty-to-defend clause. Insurance. A liability-insurance provision obligating the insurer to take over the defense of any lawsuit brought by a third party against the insured on a claim that falls within the policy’s coverage. See duty to defend under DUTY(1). [Cases: Insurance 2911. C.J.S. Insurance §§ 1144–1145.]
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carcer (kahr-s[schwa]r), n. [Latin “jail, prison”] Hist. A prison or jail, esp. one used to detain rather than punish. • Carcer, as used in English law and Roman law, usu. referred to a jail used as a place of detention during trial or after sentence pending execution, rather than as a place of punishment. The
dual-prosecution rule. The principle that the federal government and a state government may both prosecute a defendant for the same offense because both governments are separate and distinct entities. See DUAL-SOVEREIGNTY DOCTRINE . [Cases: Double Jeopardy 186. C.J.S. Criminal Law § 258.]
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OWI.abbr. Operating while intoxicated. See DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE. [Cases: Automobiles 332. C.J.S. Motor Vehicles §§ 1382–1394.]
bridge bank. A national bank chartered to operate an insolvent bank for up to three years or until the bank is sold. [Cases: Banks and Banking 285–287, 505. C.J.S. Banks and Banking §§ 576–578, 580–584, 586, 597–598, 673, 676–679, 682–687, 690–694, 696, 699–705, 708–717.]
Tax Court, U.S. A federal court that hears appeals by taxpayers from adverse IRS decisions about tax deficiencies. • The Tax Court was created in 1942, replacing the Board of Tax Appeals. — Abbr. T.C. [Cases: Internal Revenue 4645–4655. C.J.S. Internal Revenue §§ 680–687.]
A list of cases set for trial, arranged in order of priority. • Criminal cases are, for example, generally given precedence over civil cases on the preferred docket because of the constitutional right to a speedy trial. [Cases: Criminal Law 632(2); Trial 13. C.J.S. Criminal Law § 1144; Trial §§ 77, 81–90.]
juristic, adj. 1. Of or relating to a jurist (juristic literature). 2. Of or relating to law (a corporation is a typical example of a juristic person). — Also termed juristical.
Nonnavigable water owned and controlled by one or more individuals and not subject to public use. • If a body of water is small and of little or no practical value for general public use, it is considered private.