expropriation, n. 1. A governmental taking or modification of an individual’s property rights, esp. by eminent domain; CONDEMNATION(2). — Also termed (in England) compulsory purchase; (in Scotland) compulsory surrender. Cf. APPROPRIATION. [Cases: Eminent Domain 2. C.J.S. Eminent Domain §§ 6–8, 13, 82–83, 87–88, 106–107.] 2. A voluntary surrender of rights or claims; the act of […]
Real estate. In valuing property, the use that will generate the most profit. • This standard is used esp. to determine the fair market value of property subject to eminent domain. — Often shortened to best use. — Also termed most suitable use. [Cases: Taxation 348(3).]
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purchase, n. 1. The act or an instance of buying. 2. The acquisition of real property by one’s own or another’s act (as by will or gift) rather than by descent or inheritance. [Cases: Vendor and Purchaser 3. C.J.S. Vendor and Purchaser § 3.] Cf. DESCENT(1). — purchase, vb. compulsory purchase. Rare. See EMINENT DOMAIN.
condemnation n. (1)定罪；宣告(某人)有罪 (2)征用 尤指土地的收归公用，但需给予合理补偿。 (→eminent domain) (3)判定某物(如房屋、食品、病畜等)不适宜使用、消费的正式宣告 (4)(海商法)对物诉讼判决 拥有海事管辖权的法庭在以下对物诉讼中作出的判决：１海上捕获船舶；２对违反某些法律，如税收法、中立法、航海法等而扣留的财产予以充公；３船舶不安全或不适航。
larger parcel. Eminent domain. A portion of land that is not a complete parcel, but is the greater part of a bigger tract, entitling the owner to damages both for the parcel taken and for severance from the larger tract. • To grant both kinds of damages, a court generally requires the owner to show
prior-use doctrine. The principle that, without legislative authorization, a government agency may not appropriate property already devoted to a public use. [Cases: Eminent Domain 47. C.J.S. Eminent Domain § 58.]
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nonabatable structure 无法消除的建筑 指虽然构成永久性妨害〔permanent nuisance〕，但由享有国家征用权〔power of eminent domain〕的机关修建、可以通过依法征用受损害的财产或受侵犯的权利而使之合法化的建筑。
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The immediate taking of possession of private property for public use, whereby the esti-mated compensation is deposited in court or paid to the condemnee until the actual amount of compensation can be established. — Also termed quick-take. [Cases: Eminent Domain 187, 188. C.J.S. Eminent Domain §§ 210–212, 221.]
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appropriation n. (1)占用；挪用；盗用 该词的基本含义是将某物据为某人的财产。如该行为属于不法行为，则构成侵权，甚至可能构成犯罪。在侵权法上，亦指某人为谋利而盗用他人姓名(或名称)。 (2)拨款 指立法机关为某一公共目的而拨给一笔款项的行为。在英国，议会每年通过一个《拨款法》〔Appropriation Act〕确定应拨款的各种款项，并授权财政部〔Treasury〕根据岁入预算支出总拨款。 (3)已拨款项 (4)〈英〉(教会法)圣俸转拨 指一集体或独体的宗教法人，作为圣职推荐权人可以将归属于自己的圣俸转拨给堂区长助理〔vicar〕，以委托堂区长助理作为代理人行使宗教监护权。圣俸转交俗人〔impropriation〕则是将圣俸归属集体或独体的俗界法人。 (→impropriation) (5)土地征用；征用 指为某一特定用途，将土地划拨使用，尤指为公共建设、军事用地或其他公共用途对土地进行征用。该词亦泛指通过行使征用权〔power of eminent domain〕将私人财产转为公共使用。 (6)〈美〉流水的私人占用 指将公共领域的流水通过截夺、筑坝或分流等方式，使之与自然水道或人工运河相分离，并为占用人的私人利益而实际应用。 (7)选定标的物；指定 指将某一部分货物或货币与其他部分相分离的行为。例如，甲售砖千块与乙，并由乙从某一堆砖块中选定，当乙选定一千块砖后，则使此前尚未完全成立的买卖由此完成。 (8)划定用于担保 即将某一部分货物或金钱从财产中专门划出，以用作偿付某一特定债务的担保。 (9)偿债指定 指将某一笔还款指定用于偿付某一笔特定债务。例如，甲于1月1日向乙借款50英镑，后于7月1日又借款50英镑，后甲于12月1日还款50英镑，并言明此款用于偿还7月1日所借之债，甲的行为即属偿债指定。偿债指定的一般规则是：债务人有权在支付时进行指定；如其未予指定，则债权人有权指定；如两者均未进行指定，则法律指定该笔还款用于偿付最早的一笔债务。偿债指定对于债权人及债务人均具有重要意义。例如，甲欠乙两笔债务，其中之一已超过诉讼时效期间，但甲在还款时未指定用于偿付哪一笔债务(在此情况下，称为「一般偿还」〔general payment〕)，则乙可以将之指定为用于偿还该已超过诉讼时效期间的债务，尽管他已不能通过诉讼而要求甲偿还该笔债务。此外，如果在多笔债务中，有的存在担保，有的没有担保，则是否进行偿债指定对于双方当事人及保证人也将产生不同的法律效果。 (10)遗产分配 指遗产执行人或遗嘱管理人根据各个权利人所享有的权利，将遗产在他们之间进行分配〔distribute〕。
condemn, vb. 1. To judicially pronounce (someone) guilty. 2. To determine and declare (property) to be assigned to public use. See EMINENT DOMAIN. 3. To adjudge (a building) as being unfit for habitation. 4. To adjudge (food or drink) as being unfit for human consumption. 5. Maritime law. To declare (a vessel) to be forfeited