firma burgi
firma burgi (f[schwa]r-m[schwa] b[schwa]r-jI). [Law Latin “the farm of the borough”] Hist. A person’s right to take the profits of a borough. • The monarch or the borough’s lord granted this right to a person upon payment of a fixed sum.
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infirmative consideration
infirmative consideration 弱化有罪的意见 指案件中与证明被告人有罪的事实中所包含的可以弱化被告人有罪结论的认定、推测或假设。
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affirmative testimony
Testimony about whether something occurred or did not occur, based on what the witness saw or heard at the time and place in question. — Also termed positive testimony; (formerly) statement of fact. See direct evidence under EVIDENCE. [Cases: Evidence 586. C.J.S. Evidence §§ 339, 1309, 1328.]
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reaffirmation agreement
reaffirmation agreement 再确认协议 破产案件中达成的不经破产程序直接清偿某些债务的协议。此项协议必须符合某些条件并受到某些限制。
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reaffirmation hearing
reaffirmation hearing. Bankruptcy. A hearing at which the debtor and a creditor present a reaffirmation of a dischargeable debt for the court’s approval. • The reaffirmation hearing is usu. held simultaneously with the discharge hearing. See DISCHARGE HEARING. [Cases: Bankruptcy 3417. C.J.S. Bankruptcy § 350.]
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affirmative pregnant
affirmative pregnant 蕴含否定之肯定 普通法诉讼中，一种肯定性的主张或陈述，但其中暗含某些有利于对方当事人的否定。
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conditional affirmance
conditional affirmance 附条件的维持(原审)判决 如对赔偿金额是否恰当应再核定，如有不当可予增减。
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affirmative defense
A defendant’s assertion of facts and arguments that, if true, will defeat the plaintiff’s or prosecution’s claim, even if all the allegations in the complaint are true. • The defendant bears the burden of proving an affirmative defense. Examples of affirmative defenses are duress (in a civil case) and insanity and self-defense (in a criminal
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