arm of the sea. The portion of a river or bay in which the tide ebbs and flows. • It may extend as far into the interior as the water of the river is propelled backward by the tide. [Cases: Navigable Waters 1(4).C.J.S. Navigable Waters § 4.]
abatuda (ab-[schwa]-t[y]oo-d[schwa]), n. [fr. Law Latin abatudus “debased”] Hist. A thing diminished, such as money reduced in value by clipping (moneta abatuda). ABAVIA abavia ([schwa]-bay-vee-[schwa]), n. [Latin] Civil law. A great-great-great-grandmother.
rustica et urbana (r[schwa]s-ti-k[schwa] et [schwa]r-bay-n[schwa]). [Latin] Hist. Rural and urban. • The phrase appeared in reference to servitudes. See SERVITUS.
detinue (det-i-nyoo or -noo). A common-law action to recover personal property wrongfully taken by another. Cf. REPLEVIN; TROVER. [Cases: Detinue 1. C.J.S. Detinue § 1.] “A claim in detinue lies at the suit of a person who has an immediate right to the possession of the goods against a person who is in actual possession
bailiwick (bay-l[schwa]-wik). The office, jurisdiction, or district of a bailiff; esp., a bailiff’s territorial jurisdiction. — Also termed bailivia; baliva; balliva. “In the early days a village was called a ‘wick.’ Each village had a bailiff who was its peace officer. His authority was limited to the territory of the wick. A bailiff was popularly
reprobation (rep-r[schwa]-bay-sh[schwa]n). The act of raising an objection or exception, as to the competency of a witness or the sufficiency of evidence. — reprobationary (rep-r[schwa]-bay-sh[schwa]-ner-ee), reprobative (rep-r[schwa]-bay-tiv), adj. — reprobate (rep-r[schwa]-bayt), vb.
bailor (bay-loror bay-l[schwa]r). 1. A person who delivers personal property to another as a bailment. — Also spelled bailer. 2. BAILER(1).
tidewater. Water that falls and rises with the ebb and flow of the tide. • The term is not usu. applied to the open sea, but to coves, bays, and rivers.
Court of Assistants. Hist. A colonial body organized in Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 to act as a legislature and court for the colony. Cf. GENERAL COURT . “The court of assistants, made up of governor, deputy governor, and magistrates, heard appeals from lower courts, and took original jurisdiction in certain cases — for example,
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Annapolis Convention 〈美〉安纳波利斯会议 尽管英国与其前北美殖民地已签署了和平条约，但仍继续危及美国航运，而北美十三州在对付英国海军一致行动上又有歧见；更糟的是，具有天然优势的州正对其邻近州造成不利，正如詹姆斯·麦迪逊〔James Madison〕描写道，一些「没有便利港口进行对外贸易的州，在通过邻近州进行对外贸易时不得不接受邻近州的征税」。解决这种残酷贸易战的方式就是采取国家行动，但其时的邦联国会〔Confederation Congress〕并无权力。马里兰州〔Maryland〕和弗吉尼亚州〔Virginia〕已就切萨皮克湾〔Chesapeake Bay〕及支流的航运达成一致意见，它们邀请特拉华州〔Delaware〕和宾夕法尼亚州〔Pennsylvania〕也加入这一协定，弗吉尼亚州则进一步建议召集一个包括各州的州际贸易会议，讨论州际共同商业政策。1786年10个州选派代表参加在马里兰州安纳波利斯举行的贸易会议，但由于种种原因在9月份只有五个州的代表实际参加会议，并没有达到法定州数，不过会议仍通过一项建议，由所有州在下一年第二个星期一在费城重新举行一次会议，来解决邦联政府体制的严重缺陷。这次会议本身并无重大意义，但作为以后召开制定宪法的全国会议的前奏，却有着不可否认的作用。
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