single-filing rule. Civil-rights law. The principle that an administrative charge filed by one plaintiff in a civil-rights suit (esp. a Title VII suit) will satisfy the administrative-filing requirements for all coplaintiffs who are making claims for the same act of discrimination. • But this rule will not usu. protect a coplaintiff’s claims if the coplaintiff […]
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TILA.abbr. Truth in Lending Act. See CONSUMER CREDIT PROTECTION ACT. [Cases: Consumer Credit 32. C.J.S. Interest and Usury; Consumer Credit § 318.]
audience test. Copyright. A judicial analysis used to determine whether the lay observer or an ordinary, reasonable audience would conclude that the protectable expression in a copyrighted work is substantially similar to the expression in the accused work. — Also termed ordinary-observer test; ordinary-lay-observer test. [Cases: Copyrights and Intellectual Property 53(1).]
A contract requiring the contractor to build a product according to exact technical speci-fications provided by the customer. • The design specifications are explicit and are often coupled with perfor-mance specifications, so the contractor has little discretion in how to perform. Much governmental contracting is build-to-print. — Also termed design-specification contract. Cf. performance contract (1).
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commendatus (kom-[schwa]n-day-t[schwa]s). Hist. A person who, by voluntary oath of homage, was placed under a lord’s protection.
landreeve. Hist. A person charged with (1) overseeing certain parts of a farm or estate, (2) attending to the timber, fences, gates, buildings, private roads, and watercourses, (3) stocking the commons, (4) watching for encroachments of all kinds, (5) preventing and detecting waste and spoliation by tenants and others, and (6) reporting on findings to
Slang. A federal social-security tax imposed on the employer of a domestic employee if the employer pays that employee more than a specified amount in total wages in a year. • The term, which is not a technical legal phrase, was popularized in the mid-1990s, when several of President Clinton’s nominees were found not to
A trial that is not open to the public, usu. because of some overriding concern such as a need to protect a child’s anonymity or for security.
cybersquatting. The act of reserving a domain name on the Internet, esp. a name that would be associated with a company’s trademark, and then seeking to profit by selling or licensing the name to the company that has an interest in being identified with it. • The practice was banned by federal law in 1999.