rule of necessity. A rule requiring a judge or other official to hear a case, despite bias or conflict of interest, when disqualification would result in the lack of any competent court or tribunal. — Often shortened to necessity. [Cases: Judges 39. C.J.S. Judges §§ 62, 98, 100–102, 107.]
concordat (kon- or k[schwa]n-kor-dat). 1. An agreement between a government and a church, esp. the Roman Catholic Church. [Cases: Religious Societies 29. C.J.S. Religious Societies §§ 36–37.] “The qualification of a treaty as a concordat depends only upon its object and purpose, not upon the name or outward form chosen by the parties. Although the
A pardon that releases the wrongdoer from punishment and restores the offender’s civil rights without qualification. — Also termed full pardon; unconditional pardon. [Cases: Pardon and Parole 23. C.J.S. Pardon and Parole §§ 11–12, 14–16, 22–26, 29–30.]
sub modo (s[schwa]b moh-doh). [Latin] Subject to conditions or qualifications (the riparian landowner enjoys the property sub modo, i.e., subject to the right of the public to reserve enough space for levees, public roads, and the like).
Office of Personnel Management 〈美〉人事管理局 根据《1978年文官制度改革法》〔Civil Service Reform Act of 1978〕设立的、以执行被解散的文官委员会〔Civil Service Commission〕的部分职能的独立机构。它负责文官政策的制定和执行，在全国各地对准备承当联邦公务员的申请进行招考；同时它也负责监督资格审查委员会〔Qualifications Review Board〕将高级行政人员〔Senior Executive Service〕任命为行政法官的审查程序。
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prospectus (pr[schwa]-spek-t[schwa]s). A printed document that describes the main features of an enterprise (esp. a corporation’s business) and that is distributed to prospective buyers or investors; esp., a written description of a securities offering. • Under SEC regulations, a publicly traded corporation must provide a prospectus before offering to sell stock in the corporation. Pl.
Religious Test Clause. The clause of the U.S. Constitution that prohibits the use of a religious test as a qualification to serve in any office or public trust. U.S. Const. art. VI, par. 3, cl. 2. — Also termed No Religious Test Clause.
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pro tem. clerk 临时书记官 在正式的法院书记官因不能或不愿履行职务而缺席或在其不具备履行职责的资格〔disqualification〕期间任命并在职的法院书记官。
qualify v. (1)使合格；使具有资格 使自身适合于行使某一权利或担任某一职务，也指为准备任职所采取的必要步骤，如宣誓、提交保证书等。 (2)限制；约束 (→qualification; qualified)