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all steps rule

all-steps rule. Patents. The doctrine that in order for a method or process claim to be literally infringed by an accused process, the accused process must have every step and limitation — or an equivalent — of the infringed claim. Cf. ALL-ELEMENTS RULE. [Cases: Patents 229. C.J.S. Patents § 410.]

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pennsylvania rule

Pennsylvania rule. Torts. The principle that a tortfeasor who violates a statute in the process of causing an injury has the burden of showing that the violation did not cause the injury. The Pennsylvania, 86 U.S. (19 Wall.) 125, 136 (1874). [Cases: Collision 123; Shipping 86(2.3). C.J.S. Collision §§ 211–220.]

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