integration rule. The rule that if the parties to a contract have embodied their agreement in a final document, any other action or statement is without effect and is immaterial in determining the terms of the contract. See PAROL EVIDENCE RULE . [Cases: Contracts 245; Evidence 397(2).C.J.S. Contracts § 416; Evidence §§ 1159–1160, 1278–1280.]
distraction rule 注意分散规则 如果原告由于某一充分理由而从某一明知的危险转移注意，则其可不受混合过错〔contributory negligence〕的追究，并由陪审团对此作出裁断。 (→contributory negligence)
acceptance-of-the-benefits rule. The doctrine that a party may not appeal a judgment after having voluntarily and intentionally received all or some part of the relief provided by it. [Cases: Appeal and Error 160. C.J.S. Appeal and Error §§ 193–194.]
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Pinkerton rule. Criminal law. The doctrine imposing liability on a conspirator for all offenses committed in furtherance of the conspiracy, even if those offenses are actually performed by coconspirators. Pinkerton v. United States, 328 U.S. 640, 66 S.Ct. 1180 (1946). [Cases: Conspiracy 41. C.J.S. Conspiracy §§ 134–137; RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations)§ 12.]
physical fact rule 客观事实规则 一项证据法规则，指如果口头证言与客观有形的证据〔physical evidence〕不一致或相牴触，则该证言将不被接受。也称作doctrine of incontrovertible physical facts或incontrovertible-physical-facts doctrine。
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Queen Caroline’s Rule 卡罗琳女王规则 一项有关用先前的相矛盾的陈述来质询证人的证据规则。如果先前的陈述为书面文件，则应在就该陈述进行交叉询问前向证人出示。美国《联邦证据规则》〔Federal Rules of Evidence〕已废除了这一程序。
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lunch-hour rule. The doctrine that an employer is not responsible for injuries suffered or caused by an employee who takes a lunch break off work premises and, during the break, is not performing tasks in the course of the employment. [Cases: Workers’ Compensation 768. C.J.S. Workmen’s Compensation § 452.]
perfect-tender rule. Commercial law. The principle that a buyer may reject a seller’s goods if the quality, quantity, or delivery of the goods fails to conform precisely to the contract. • Although the perfect-tender rule was adopted by the UCC (§ 2-601), other Code provisions — such as the seller’s right to cure after rejection
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The doctrine that a death occurring during the commission of a misdemeanor (or sometimes a nondangerous felony) is involuntary manslaughter. • Many states and the Model Penal Code have abolished this rule. Cf. FELONY-MURDER RULE. [Cases: Homicide 620–652.]
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