burgage-tenure
burgage-tenure n. 市镇农役保有(权) 指地产位于古老的自治市镇,国王作为领主,其领地臣民向国王每年缴一定数目租金。按一些学者说法,这种保有实际几乎等同于现代的自由继承保有。通过此种方式保有的地产遵循各种各样的习惯,其中着名的是幼子继承保有〔borough-English〕习惯的约束。(→borough-English)
burgage-tenure n. 市镇农役保有(权) 指地产位于古老的自治市镇,国王作为领主,其领地臣民向国王每年缴一定数目租金。按一些学者说法,这种保有实际几乎等同于现代的自由继承保有。通过此种方式保有的地产遵循各种各样的习惯,其中着名的是幼子继承保有〔borough-English〕习惯的约束。(→borough-English)
Ben Avon Doctrine. The principle that due process entitles public utilities to judicial review of rates set by public-service commissions. Ohio Valley Water Co. v. Borough of Ben Avon, 253 U.S. 287, 40 S.Ct. 527 (1920). [Cases: Constitutional Law 298. C.J.S. Constitutional Law § 1345.]
mensura domini regis (men-s[y]oor-[schwa] dom-[schwa]-nIree-jis). [Law Latin “the measure of our lord the king”] Hist. The standard weights and measures established under Richard I, in his Parliament at Westminster in 1197. “Thus, under king Richard I, in his parliament holden at Westminster, A.D. 1197, it was ordained that there shall be only one weight and
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Simon de Montfort’s Parliament 〈英〉西门·德·孟福尔议会 1265年由反叛国王的贵族西门·德·孟福尔以国王的名义召集的一次议会。该议会除伯爵〔earls〕、男爵〔barons〕、主教及各郡的两名骑士外,首次召集了各市〔city〕和自治市〔borough〕的两名代表,因此被誉为「革命性『议会’」。不过,此次议会并不是真正的代表大会,也不能视为议会的开端,因为此次「议会」的召集者不是国王,而且与会代表都是德·孟福尔的支持者。
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freeman. 1. A person who possesses and enjoys all the civil and political rights belonging to the people under a free government. 2. A person who is not a slave. 3. Hist. A member of a municipal corporation (a city or borough) who possesses full civic rights, esp. the right to vote. 4. Hist. A
freehold n. (1)完全保有地产(权);自由保有地产(权) 这种地产的持有者除了向其领主履行一定不带奴役性的役务〔service〕外,他有权自由、完全不受限制地占有处分其地产,如出租、抵押、转让等。与这种持有地相对的是非自由的农奴持有地——后为公簿持有地〔copyhold〕,和其它习惯保有方式,如肯特郡习惯土地保有〔gavelkind〕、幼子继承保有〔borough English〕和古有地保有〔ancient demesne〕。另外,今天与自由保有相对的是租地持有〔leasehold〕,后者指依契约在一定时期内持有地产,但却是一种动产性权益〔chattle interest〕。自由保有地有两个特征,即不动产性——如地产或地产性权益,和保有期间的不确定性。事实上的自由保有地产〔freehold in deed〕蕴含着对土地的实际占有,可分为非限嗣继承地产〔fee simple〕、限嗣继承地产〔fee tail〕和终身地产〔tenement for life〕;法律上的自由保有地产〔freehold in law〕是指继承人在被继承人死亡之后和自己进入土地之前所享有的地产权。另外,自由保有地依性质分为军役保有地〔knight service〕、侍君保有地〔serjeanty〕、农役保有地〔free socage〕和自由教役保有地〔frankalmoign〕。 (2)自由保有之职位 终身享有或可以继承。
aldermannus (al-d[schwa]r-man-[schwa]s). [Law Latin] Hist. An alderman. aldermannus civitatis vel burgi (siv-i-tay-tis vel b[schwa]r-jI). An alderman of a city or borough. aldermannus hundredi seu wapentachii (h[schwa]n-dri-dIsyoo wahp-[schwa]n-tay-kee-I). An alderman of a hundred or wapentake. aldermannus regis (ree-jis). An alderman of the king, so called because he is appointed by the king or gives the king’s