HYPOTHECA

hypotheca

glossary /

hypotheca (hI-p[schwa]-thee-k[schwa] or hip-[schwa]-), n. [Latin fr. Greek] Roman law. A mortgage of property in which the debtor was allowed to keep, but not alienate, the property. “Yet another mode of creating a security is possible, by which not merely the ownership of a thing but its possession also remains with the debtor. This is […]

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hypotheca

glossary / ,

hypotheca 〈拉〉(罗马法)抵押 包括动产和不动产抵押，可以是明示或默示的。它与质押〔pignus〕的区别在于：前者不转移担保物，即担保物仍归担保人或债务人占有，而后者的担保物需转归质权人占有。抵押制度起源于古罗马地主和佃农为担保租金的给付而对质权所作的一种变通办法。当时佃农除农具和牲畜外别无可供担保之物，一旦将其移转于地主，佃农就无法进行生产。于是双方协议不移转担保物，而于佃农不付租金时，可对之扣押处理。然而这种私人协议仅发生债的关系，如担保物落入第三人之手，债权人对之并无追及权，这样，担保也就落空了。后来裁判官赋予这种担保以物权的效力，使之可以对抗第三人，以兼顾债权债务人双方的利益。

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