merchant n. 商人 习惯上多指零售商，也可指批发商和进出口商，美国《统一商法典》〔U.C.C.〕第2-104 (1)条对商人的定义是：「从事某类货物买卖的经营者，或从其职业表明对所从事的交易实践或货物买卖具有专门知识或技能；或其僱佣的代理人、经纪人或居间人的职业表明受雇者具有此项知识或技能，从而认定其本人也具备此项知识或技能。」旧时权威曾将商人分为四类：投机商〔merchant adventurer〕、隐名商〔merchant dormant〕、行商〔merchant traveller〕和坐商〔merchant resident〕。
merchant. One whose business is buying and selling goods for profit; esp. a person or entity that holds itself out as having expertise peculiar to the goods in which it deals and is therefore held by the law to a higher standard of expertise than that of a nonmerchant. • Because the term relates solely