SCUTAGE

scutage

glossary /

scutage (skyoo-tij), n. [fr. Latin scutum “a shield”] Hist. 1. A monetary payment levied by the king on barons as a substitute for some or all of the knights to be supplied to the king by each baron. • This payment seems to date from the 12th century, Henry II (1154–1189) having levied five scutages […]

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scutage

glossary / ,

scutage n. 免服兵役税 指中世纪采邑法中，由直属封臣支付一定的费用以替代对国王服兵役的义务，他的人身性出征役务不能因交纳免服兵役税而免除，只能通过交付罚金免除。缴纳免服兵役税在法国和德国也出现过，但在英格兰却得到高度发展，并成为一种针对骑士役地产的一般性赋税，到13世纪时还统一了税率。约翰王曾经常索征沉重的免服兵役税，因此《大宪章》〔Magna Carta〕禁止未经议会批准就征收免服兵役税。该税由国王和亲自服兵役的直属封臣分享，即后者亦可向其下级征收此税。到14世纪时，免服兵役税被废止。

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