substantial capacity test (刑法)实际能力标准 又称实际能力规则。这一规则是美国《模范刑法典》〔Model Penal Code〕提供的检验精神病的标准。模范刑法典规定：「由于精神疾病或精神缺陷被告人缺乏识别其行为的犯罪性或缺乏使其行为符合法律要求的实际能力，则被告人对其犯罪行为不负刑事责任。」该标准是在姆纳顿规则〔M’Naghten rule〕和不能控制标准〔irresistable impulse test〕基础上发展建立起来的，目前为美国大多数学术界和司法界人士所接受和赞同。
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substantial-capacity test. Criminal law. The Model Penal Code’s test for the insanity defense, stating that a person is not criminally responsible for an act if, as a result of a mental disease or defect, the person lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality of the conduct or to conform the conduct to the law.
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