Federal Tort Claims Act. A statute that limits federal sovereign immunity and allows recovery in federal court for tort damages caused by federal employees, but only if the law of the state where the injury occurred would hold a private person liable for the injury. 28 USCA §§ 2671–2680. — Abbr. FTCA. See sovereign immunity […]
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A statute that limits federal sovereign immunity and allows recovery in federal court for tort damages caused by federal employees, but only if the law of the state where the injury occurred would hold a private person liable for the injury. 28 USCA §§ 2671–2680. — Abbr. FTCA. See sovereign immunity under IMMUNITY(1). [Cases: United
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Federal Tort Claims Act 〈美〉《联邦侵权赔偿法》 美国传统上奉行主权豁免原则，公民对联邦官员执行职务中的侵权行为要求赔偿的请求受到严格限制。在1946年以前，国会已制定了一些特殊的政府侵权赔偿法，有限度地放弃了主权豁免原则，但这些法律适用范围很窄、赔偿数额较低。进入20世纪后，由于政府职能不断扩张，政府侵权行为也大量增加，迫切需要制定一个普遍适用的侵权赔偿法。几经周折后，国会终于在1946年通过这部法律。《联邦侵权赔偿法》很大程度上放弃了联邦政府承担侵权责任的豁免权，规定联邦官员执行职务的过失或不法的作为或不作为而产生损害的，都应承担赔偿责任，而且赔偿数额也不予限制。因而该法是美国政府侵权赔偿方面起着中心作用的法律。不过，该法在普遍放弃主权豁免原则的同时，仍作了保留，规定美国对政府官员在执行职务范围内的故意侵权行为、对行政机关及公务员行使自由裁量权的作为或不作为等情形不负赔偿责任。该法通过后曾在1966、1974、1988年等多次被修改。
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limitation-of-liability act. A federal or state law that limits the type of damages that may be recovered, the liability of particular persons or groups, or the time during which an action may be brought. See FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT ; sovereign immunity under IMMUNITY(1). [Cases: Shipping 203. C.J.S. Shipping §§ 471–472, 477–478.]
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A tort committed by the government through an employee, agent, or instrumentality under its control. • The tort may or may not be actionable, depending on whether the government is entitled to sovereign immunity. A tort action against the U.S. government is regulated by the Federal Tort Claims Act, while a state action is governed
government tort 〈美〉政府侵权行为 由政府控制下的僱员、代理人或机构实施的侵权行为。该侵权行为是否可诉取决于政府是否享有该侵权行为的豁免权。对联邦政府侵权的诉讼由《联邦侵权赔偿法》〔Federal Tort Claims Act〕规定；对州的赔偿诉讼则由各州侵权赔偿法规范。 (→Federal Tort Claims Act; sovereign immunity)
Tucker Act. A federal law enacted in 1887 to ameliorate the inadequacies of the original authority of the Court of Claims by extending that court’s jurisdiction to include (1) claims founded on the Constitution, a federal statute, or a federal regulation, and (2) damage claims in cases not arising in tort. [Cases: Federal Courts 1071.]
United States Court of Federal Claims. A specialized federal court created under Article I of the Constitution in 1982 (with the name United States Claims Court) as the successor to the Court of Claims, and renamed in 1992 as the United States Court of Federal Claims. • It has original, nationwide jurisdiction to render a
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law of the place 事实发生地法 指作为诉讼基础之事实的发生地的法律。例如，根据美国《联邦侵权行为诉讼请求法》〔Federal Tort Claims Act〕，损害发生地所在州的法律就是该案件的准据法。