The act of committing, without lawful justification, any act of direct physical interference with a chattel possessed by another. • The act must amount to a direct forcible injury. — Also termed trespass to goods; constructive trespass. [Cases: Trespass 5. C.J.S. Trespass § 9.]
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trespass n. (1)(英格兰古法)侵害之诉 英格兰中世纪的一种诉讼形式，指因自己的身体、财产、权利、名誉或人际关系被侵害而索赔的诉讼。巡回初审〔nisi prius〕制度建立起来之后，这种诉讼形式在14世纪才普遍起来。后来又发展出间接侵害之诉〔trespass on the case或简称为case〕的诉讼形式。早期违约之诉是根据侵害之诉来得到救济的。到17世纪末为止，大量的案件受到了从侵害之诉所发展出来的各种诉讼形式的影响。 (2)侵害；侵犯；侵入 在现代法中，trespass有三类：侵害他人财物〔trespass to goods或trespass de bonis asportatis〕、侵犯他人人身〔trespass to the person〕以及侵入他人土地〔trespass to land或trespass quare clausum fregit〕。在苏格兰，这一词只在进占他人土地的意义上运用。
Hist. Trespass by one’s cattle or other animals on another’s land, as a result of which the other might either distrain them damage feasant or sue for trespass in the local courts. • At first (from the early 13th century) this type of trespass applied only to intentional trespass by the keeper of the cattle,
A trespass in the nature of a permanent invasion on another’s rights, such as a sign that overhangs another’s property. [Cases: Trespass 51. C.J.S. Trespass §§ 143, 152.]
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trespass to land 〈美〉侵入他人土地 根据普通法，任何未经授权、直接侵入他人地界的行为都可以被起诉。这种不法行为所侵犯的对象是享有实际占有权的人，而并不一定是享有土地所有权但没有直接占有权的人。构成这种不法行为不要求行为人有侵入之故意，也不一定要有实际损害结果，但要求行为人行为时意志自由，侵权行为与结果之间有直接的联系，不过现今多数法庭以及《侵权法重述》中的观点认为需有故意或故失，或造成危险与损失。
trespass to try title 〈美〉 (1)收回不动产并要求损害赔偿的诉讼 美国部分州中存在的一种诉讼，通过它，对不动产享有即时占有权的所有人可以请求收回被他人非法占有的不动产，并要求被告赔偿因其非法占有行为而造成的损失。 (2)(不动产)权利确定诉讼 当有不同的人对土地均提出所有权或占有权请求时，对其权利予以确定的程序。在有关所有权或占有权争议得到解决的情况下，也可附带对该土地予以分割。
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trespass per quod consortium amisit 因侵犯他人配偶权而引起的侵权之诉 指被告殴打或虐待他人的妻子，丈夫以其配偶权受到侵犯或被剥夺为由而提起的侵权之诉。
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A trespass committed either unintentionally or in good faith. [Cases: Trespass 2. C.J.S. Trespass §§ 6, 164.]
A trespass that two or more persons have united in committing, or that some have actually committed while others commanded, encouraged, or directed it. [Cases: Trespass 31. C.J.S. Trespass §§ 3, 34.]
trespass for mesne profits. Hist. An action — supplementing an action for ejectment — brought against a tenant in possession to recover the profits wrongfully received during the tenant’s occupation. [Cases: Ejectment 124. C.J.S. Ejectment §§ 139–140.]
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