the rule
the rule 〈美〉证人回避规则 指某一证人在法庭作证时，所有其他证人都应回避的一项证据规则和程序规则。该词主要在美国南部和西南部使用，但证人在作证前从法庭回避则是通行程序。
Search Results for: RULE, THE
rule of reason
rule of reason 〈美〉(反托拉斯法)合理原则 判断一种行为是否违反《谢尔曼法》〔Sherman Act〕的司法原则，最初由最高法院1911年在美孚石油公司案中提出。根据该原则，只有一项贸易做法构成对贸易的不合理限制，才被认为违反了《谢尔曼法》。因此法院必须综合衡量案件中的各种因素，如限制行为的过程，被证实的罪行，采取特别救济的理由和寻求达到的结果等。但该原则不适用于「本身违法」的情形。(→Sherman Act)
substantial compliance rule
substantial compliance rule 实质遵从原则 指遵从契约或制定法的基本要求。例如，在人寿保险法中，指被保险人在变更受益人时已实质遵照保单的要求，只剩保险人或其代理的行政性工作尚未完成，则该受益人的变更是有效的。 (→substantial performance doctrine)
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explanatory phrase rule
explanatory-phrase rule. Trademarks. The principle that a senior user of a family-name trademark is entitled to a judicial remedy for unfair competition if the same family name appears on competing goods or services, the remedy being that the junior user must include on signs, labels, and advertisements an explanation that the company is not affiliated
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divided damages rule
divided-damages rule. Maritime law. The obsolete principle that when two parties are jointly liable to a third party for a tort, each party is liable for only half the damages. • The courts now apply a comparative-negligence standard. [Cases: Collision 143. C.J.S. Collision §§ 242, 245, 259, 261–262.] “For over a hundred years admiralty law
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one satisfaction rule
one-satisfaction rule. The principle that a plaintiff is entitled to only one recovery for a particular harm, and that the plaintiff must elect a single remedy if the jury has awarded more than one. • This rule is, for example, one of the foundations of a defendant’s right to have a jury verdict reduced by
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eggshell skull rule
eggshell-skull rule. Torts. The principle that a defendant is liable for a plaintiff’s unforeseeable and uncommon reactions to the defendant’s negligent or intentional act. • Under this rule, for example, if one person negligently scrapes another who turns out to be a hemophiliac, the negligent defendant is liable for the full extent of the plaintiff’s
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equal access rule
equal-access rule. Criminal law. The doctrine that contraband found on a defendant’s premises will not support a conviction if other persons have the same access to the premises as the defendant. • To invoke this defense successfully, the defendant must show that other persons did in fact have equal access to the premises; speculative evidence
contemplation of parties rule
contemplation of parties rule 当事人预期原则 指在合同违约诉讼中，违约损害赔偿额应当公平合理地认定为相当于缔约时当事人对违约后果的预期。但对于侵权损害赔偿案件，多数法院拒绝适用该原则。
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marketable product rule
marketable-product rule. Oil & gas. For royalty-calculation purposes, the doctrine that “production” occurs when oil or gas is pumped up, stored, and made marketable through processing. • Until producing a marketable product, the lessee bears all costs of capturing and handling oil and gas. Cf. CAPTURE-AND-HOLD RULE.
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