Preferential treatment of minorities, usu. through affirmative-action programs, in a way that adversely affects members of a majority group. See AFFIRMATIVE ACTION. [Cases: Civil Rights 1033(3), 1232. C.J.S. Civil Rights §§ 18, 20, 23–24, 64–65.]
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lage (law or lay), n. [fr. Saxon lag “law”] Hist. 1. Law. 2. The territory in which certain law was in force, such as danelage, mercenlage, and West-Saxon lage. • This term is essentially an obsolete form of the word law. — Also termed lagh; laga; lagu. See DANELAW; MERCENLAGE; WEST-SAXON LAW.
competitive advantage. The potential benefit from information, ideas, or devices that, if kept secret by a business, might be economically exploited to improve the business’s market share or to increase its income.
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A privilege protecting individuals and entities from divulging the results of candid assessments of their compliance with laws and regulations, to the extent that the assessments are internal, the results were intended from the outset to be confidential, and the information is of a type that would be curtailed if it were forced to be
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dedititii 〈拉〉(罗马法) (1)归化者；降服者 １向罗马投降或无条件投降的敌人，依照《艾里亚和森迪亚法》〔Lex Aelia Sentia〕，在其投降时降服者即获得自由；２指奴隶，尤指罪犯，他们在被解放或释放时并没有公民权。 (2)烙面罪犯 在罪犯脸部或身体其他部位，用火刑或烙刑留下疤痕以致不能抹去，然后再予以释放。
secondary-line injury. Antitrust. Under the price-discrimination provisions of the Robinson–Patman Act, the act of hindering or seeking to hinder competition among a seller’s customers by selling substantially the same products at favorable prices to one customer, or a select group of customers, to the detriment of others. 15 USCA § 13(a). • A secondary-line injury,
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minitrial. A private, voluntary, and informal form of dispute resolution in which each party’s attorney presents an abbreviated version of its case to a neutral third party and to the opponent’s representatives, who have settlement authority. • The third party may render an advisory opinion on the anticipated outcome of litigation. Cf. summary jury trial
Damages usu. provided by statute in addition to direct damages. • Additional damages can include expenses resulting from the injury, consequential damages, or punitive damages.
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setting, n. The date and time established by a court for a trial or hearing ( the plaintiff sought a continuance of the imminent setting). [Cases: Federal Civil Procedure 1991; Trial 6, 9. C.J.S. Trial §§ 31–38, 60.] special setting. A preferential setting on a court’s calendar, usu. reserved for older cases or cases given
A system of preferential voting that mimics a runoff election by using each voter’s ranked preferences instead of a second round of voting. See runoff election under ELECTION(3). — Abbr. IRV. — Also termed Hare–Ware voting; West Australian plan.
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