Hadley v. Baxendale rule. Contracts. The principle that consequential damages will be awarded for breach of contract only if it was foreseeable at the time of contracting that this type of damage would result from the breach. Hadley v. Baxendale, 9 Exch. 341 (1854). • Hadley v. Baxendale is best known for its impact on […]
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statement of intention. Bankruptcy. A preliminary statement filed by the debtor in a Chapter 7 case, in which the debtor details whether property secured by consumer debt will be retained or surrendered and whether the property is claimed as exempt. • The statement usu. must be filed before the first creditors’ meeting or within 30
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ita lex scripta est (I-t[schwa] leks skrip-t[schwa] est). [Latin] So the law is written. • This expression means that the law must be obeyed despite the apparent rigor of its application. The idea is that we must be content with the law as it stands, without inquiring into its reasons. — Sometimes shortened to ita
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sovereignty (sahv-[[schwa]-]rin-tee). 1. Supreme dominion, authority, or rule. [Cases: International Law 8. C.J.S. International Law §§ 25–28.] popular sovereignty. A system of government in which policy choices reflect the preferences of the majority of citizens. state sovereignty. See STATE SOVEREIGNTY. 2. The supreme political authority of an independent state. 3. The state itself.“It is well
Declaration of Rights 《权利宣言》 １在1688年的光荣革命中，英国议会为解决因国王詹姆斯二世〔James Ⅱ〕逃亡而引起的宪法性危机，决定立威廉和玛丽为国王和女王。但这并不是无条件的，议会于1689年2月13日通过《权利宣言》，对王权进行限制，规定了议会所享有的一系列权利。《权利宣言》被规定在后来通过的《权利法案》〔Bill of Rights〕之中；２在美国，指1774年10月在费城举行的第一届大陆会议〔First Continental Congress〕通过的体现各殖民地代表意见的决议。决议历数了英国议会的立法对其权利的侵犯，要求英国政府给予殖民地以一定范围的自治权利，宣称殖民地人民享有生存、自由和财产等权利。英国统治集团却没有接受这一要求，继续实行野蛮的殖民政策，从而使英国与北美殖民地的矛盾更加尖锐，最终导致了1775年独立战争的爆发。《权利宣言》的部分内容也被规定在1776年第二届大陆会议通过的《独立宣言》〔Declaration of Independence〕之中。
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perquisitor (p[schwa]r-kwiz-[schwa]-t[schwa]r). [Latin “a seeker out”] Hist. A purchaser; esp., one who first acquires an estate by sale or gift.
control, n. The direct or indirect power to direct the management and policies of a person or entity, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract, or otherwise; the power or authority to manage, direct, or oversee (the principal exercised control over the agent). superintending control. The general supervisory control that a higher court in
lex Junia Velleia (leks joo-nee-[schwa] v[schwa]-lee-y[schwa]). [Latin] Roman law. A law providing that certain kinds of descendants must be treated as posthumously born children of a decedent for purposes of heirship. • This was probably enacted in A.D. 26.
de bonis non administratis (dee boh-nis non ad-min-[schwa]-stray-tis). [Law Latin] Hist. Of the goods not administered. • When the first administrator of an intestate estate dies or is removed, the second administrator is called an administrator bonis non, who administers the goods not administered by the previous executor.
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pro re nata (proh ree nay-t[schwa]). [Latin “in the light of what has arisen”] Hist. By reason of emergency; arising from exigent circumstances. • The phrase appeared, for example, in reference to a meeting called to address an emergency. “So far as may be, the state leaves the rule of right to be declared and