prisoner’s dilemma. A logic problem — often used by law-and-economics scholars to illustrate the effect of cooperative behavior — involving two prisoners who are being separately questioned about their participation in a crime: (1) if both confess, they will each receive a 5-year sentence; (2) if neither confesses, they will each receive a 3-year sentence; […]
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disorderly house (1)妨害相邻权的住户 (2)扰乱社会治安的场所 指任何经常发生违反社会治安、损害公共道德行为的场所。其含义很广，包括妓院〔bawdy house〕、赌场〔gambling house〕等类似性质的场所。在普通法上，经营该类场所构成轻罪。根据现行法，在这类场所中从事的行为一般属于违反社会治安的行为，其中一些特定行为往往以犯罪论处。 (→house of ill fame; whorehouse; house of prostitution; lewd house)
An immediate danger; esp., in environmental law, a situation in which the continued use of a pesticide will probably result in unreasonable adverse effects on the environment or will involve an unreasonable danger to the survival of an endangered species. 7 USCA § 136(1). [Cases: Environmental Law 423.]
silentiary (sI-len-shee-air-ee), n. 1. Roman law. An official who maintains order in the imperial palace and on the imperial council; a chamberlain. 2. Hist. An officer who is sworn to silence about state secrets; esp., a privy councillor so sworn. 3. Hist. A court usher who maintains order and esp. silence in the court. —
agent provocateur (ay-j[schwa]nt pr[schwa]-vok-[schwa]-t[schwa]rora-zhawn praw-vaw-k[schwa]-tuur), n. 1. An undercover agent who instigates or participates in a crime, often by in-filtrating a group suspected of illegal conduct, to expose and punish criminal activity. 2. A person who entraps another, or entices another to break the law, and then informs against the other as a lawbreaker.
peonage (pee-[schwa]-nij), n. Illegal and involuntary servitude in satisfaction of a debt. [Cases: Slaves 24. C.J.S. Peonage §§ 3–5.] — peon, n. “Peonage, which is a term descriptive of a condition that existed in Spanish America, and especially in Mexico, and in the territory of New Mexico, and which may be defined as the status
The share that the renouncer of a will would take in the decedent’s assets if the decedent had left no will affecting in any way the distribution of assets.
township n. (1)〈英〉镇区 在英国宪法史上指与堂区相一致的地方政府单位；又指镇〔town〕的区，十户区或村邑〔vill〕,或包括一个小镇的地区。 (2)〈美〉县区 主要是在美国东北和中北部地区设立的政府单位，它是县〔county〕下属单位，通常是36平方英里(大约93平方公里)的区域。有时用civil township将其与6英里见方的测绘区域congressional township相区别，在后一情况下，它并不是一个政府单位。有些州以新英格兰诸州的镇民会议〔town meeting〕为模式设立有县区会议〔township meeting〕,负责征收税款、拨款、制定规则和作为县区的决策机关。县区委员会〔township board〕，无论是选任的还是委任的，一般都有权任命某些官员和行使其他行政职能。如果没有县区会议，县区委员会通常就是县区的决策机关。在一些州的县区里，有一位主要的行政官员，通常称作监督人或受托人〔trustee〕。其他县区政府官员一般包括办事员〔clerk〕、司库〔treasurer〕、确定税款员〔assessor〕、道路监督员〔road commissioner〕和民众救济监督员。县区的职能相当广泛，但其主要职能一般是维护地方道路和管理民众救济。20世纪下半叶，美国的县区体制作为地方政府单位已日渐削弱，有些地区则已取消，其职能转移给县。 (3)〈美〉(美国政府测绘中)六英里见方的区域
chirograph (kI-r[schwa]-graf), n. 1. Civil law. A handwritten instrument. 2. A written deed, subscribed and witnessed. — Also termed cyrographum. 3. Such a deed in two parts from a single original document separated by an indented line through the word chirographum, each party retaining one part. 4. Hist. FOOT OF THE FINE. — Also termed
Bureau of Labor Statistics. An independent agency in the U.S. Department of Labor responsible for compiling and analyzing statistical information on employment and the economy. • The Bureau reports on employment, unemployment, consumer and producer prices, consumer expenditures, import and export prices, wages and employee benefits, productivity and technological change, employment projections, and occupational illness
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