Test Act
Test Act 〈英〉《忠诚宣誓法》 1672年的《忠诚宣誓法》规定,所有接受民事与军事官职的人(除极少数级别较低的以外)以及接受王室信托下的某一地产者,应宣誓效忠和承认王室的最高地位,并签署声明反对罗马天主教的圣餐变体说〔transubstantiation〕,并按英格兰国教的惯例接受圣餐。于1828年废止。
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licenciado
licenciado 〈西〉律师 根据1843年11月6日西班牙政府发布的一项命令，凡从西班牙的任一所文科大学里取得「法律执业证书」〔licentiates in jurisprudence〕者，无需事先取得法院同意，有权在西班牙的所有法院从事律师业务。
damnum et interesse
damnum et interesse (dam-n[schwa]m et in-t[schwa]r-es-ee). [Latin] Scots law. The loss and damage sustained. “Damnum et interesse. — The loss and interest; or, as the words may also be translated, damage, and its issues or consequences. The words are used by Erskine in treating of the liability of cautioners who become bound to see a
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unwritten law
unwritten law. Law that, although never enacted in the form of a statute or ordinance, has the sanction of custom. • The term traditionally includes caselaw. — Also termed jus non scriptum; jus ex non scripto; lex non scripta; jus moribus constitutum. “[T]he very words of the court promulgating the opinion and making the decision
actus animi
actus animi (ak-t[schwa]s an-[schwa]-mI). [Law Latin] Hist. An act of the mind; an intention. See ANIMUS. “Again, consent, which is essential to all contracts, is an actus animi, and is presumed in all cases where the contract is ex facie regular.” John Trayner, Trayner’s Latin Maxims 21–22 (4th ed. 1894).
proportional voting
A system of transferable preferential voting in a multi-representative election. See preferential vote under VOTE(1); single transferable vote under VOTE(1). — Also termed proportional representation.
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irresistible impulse test
irresistible-impulse test. Criminal law. A test for insanity, holding that a person is not criminally responsible for an act if mental disease prevented that person from controlling potentially criminal conduct. • The few jurisdictions that have adopted this test have combined it with the McNaghten rules. — Also termed control test; volitional test. See INSANITY
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transactional audit
An audit performed for due-diligence purposes to determine whether there are potentially significant problems with a transaction. • Transactional audits are often conducted in real-property transactions to identify any environmental problems. In that context, the audit is sometimes called a site assessment.
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rhadamanthine
rhadamanthine (rad-[schwa]-man-thin), adj. (often cap.) (Of a judge) rigorous and inflexible (the judge’s rhadamanthine interpretation of procedural requirements makes it essential to study the local rules before appearing in court).