chancer (chan-s[schwa]r), vb. To adjust according to equitable principles, as a court of chancery would. • The practice arose in parts of New England when the courts had no equity jurisdiction, and were compelled to act on equitable principles. “The practice of ‘chancering’ is a very old one. A forfeiture could be ‘chancered’ under a […]
homologare (hom-[schwa]-l[schwa]-gair-ee), vb. [Law Latin] Civil law. 1. To confirm or approve; to consent or assent. 2. To confess.
admission n. (1)保释许可 (2)(证据的)采纳；采信 (3)(民事诉讼中的)承认 指一方当事人对对方的主张或其他任何不利于己的事实所作的认可。可以是明示的，也可以是默示的。 (4)(刑事诉讼中的)承认；供认 指被告人对所指控的罪行的承认，但通常仅指对可确认其有罪的部分事实的承认，一般不包括对涉及犯罪意图的事实的承认，区别于对所控罪行全部事实的供认〔confession〕。在英美法上，被告人的供认作为证据具有可采性的一般规则是供认应当具有任意性，即供认是出于被告人自愿作出的，而非出于对其采用了引诱、强迫或其他非法手段而作出的。不具有任意性的供认不可采纳。 (5)(教会法)圣职的认可 指主教对其辖区内被推荐圣职者进行审核以后同意其任职，有时亦指授予圣职〔institution〕。
twa night gest 〈撒克逊〉两晚是客 忏悔者爱德华〔Edward the Confessor〕时期的一项法律规定，住在旅店或他人家中的人，第一晚可被视为陌生人，第二晚应被视为客人，第三晚即被视为家庭成员。这种规定与确定房东对前来居住者在居住期间的违法行为是否承担责任及承担责任的范围有关。
plea n. (1)答辩 １刑事诉讼中被告人对所受犯罪指控所作的正式回答，通常被告人可以作「认罪」、「不认罪」或「不愿争辩」的答辩；２在民事诉讼中，指在采用现代的诉讼规则之前，当事人在诉讼过程中可以使用或提出的各种具体的答辩或申请。早期普通法上民事诉讼中的答辩主要有两类：一类是延诉答辩〔dilatory plea〕，包括就法院的管辖权提出的答辩〔pleas to the jurisdiction〕，中止诉讼的答辩〔pleas in suspension〕(例如主张当事人未成年〔infancy〕)和起诉不当答辩〔plea in abatement〕；一类是绝对性答辩〔peremptory plea〕，包括各种表明被告对原告的起诉有实质性抗辩理由的终止诉讼答辩〔pleas in bar〕，例如被告可以作否认答辩〔traverse〕，或承认但无效的答辩〔plea in confession and avoidance〕。该词已很少用于指现代民事案件中当事人的答辩。在英国，pleas已经被statement of defence替代。 (2)(诉讼中提出的)事实主张；诉状 (3)(古)诉讼
cognovit actionem (kog-noh-vit ak-shee-oh-n[schwa]m). [Law Latin “he has confessed the action”] A de-fendant’s written acknowledgment of the plaintiff’s claim, authorizing the plaintiff to take a judgment for a named sum; a cognovit.
great seal (1)〈美〉国玺 指美国的官方印玺，由国务卿〔Secretary of State〕掌管。该词亦称Seal of the United States。 (2)〈美〉州玺 指美国某一特定州的官方印玺。亦称Seal of the State; State Seal。 (3)〔G- S-〕〈英〉国玺 藉此行使诸多王权的印玺，是王权的一种象征，由忏悔者爱德华〔Edward the Confessor〕引入。现在它由御前大臣〔Lord Chancellor〕或掌玺大臣〔Lord Keeper〕掌管。根据1706年《与苏格兰合并法》〔Union with Scotland Act〕的规定，联合王国〔United Kingdom〕应使用同一国玺，用于加盖在议会召集令〔writs to summon parliament〕、签署对外条约以及所有与英联邦有关的国家行为〔Acts of State〕文件之上。
third degree, n. The process of extracting a confession or information from a suspect or prisoner by prolonged questioning, the use of threats, or physical torture (the police gave the suspect the third degree).
McNabb–Mallory rule. Criminal procedure. The doctrine that a confession is inadmissible if obtained during an unreasonably long detention period between arrest and a preliminary hearing. • Because of the broader protections afforded under the Miranda rule, the McNabb–Mallory rule is rarely applied in modern cases. McNabb v. United States, 318 U.S. 332, 63 S.Ct. 608
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sub sigillo (s[schwa]b si-jil-oh). [Latin “under the seal (of confession)”] Hist. In the strictest confidence.