life in being
life in being 生存期 普通法与制定法中的用语，与「永久」〔perpetuities〕相对，指从契据或遗嘱生效时起某人的生命存续期间。 (→rule against perpetuities)
Search Results for: PERP
commit
commit, vb. 1. To perpetrate (a crime). 2. To send (a person) to prison or to a mental-health facility, esp. by court order. 3. Parliamentary law. REFER.
complicity in crime
complicity in crime 共同犯罪关系人 在共同犯罪中，有两种人可以认定为主犯：一种是作为主犯〔principal〕参与犯罪的人或犯罪的实施者〔perpetrator〕；一种是原先作为从犯参与犯罪，但实际上帮助〔aid〕、教唆〔abet〕、劝诱〔counsel〕、导致〔procure〕犯罪行为的实施的人。但在犯罪行为实施后提供帮助的，不算在内。
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shield law
shield law. 1. A statute that affords journalists the privilege not to reveal confidential sources. See journalist’s privilege under PRIVILEGE(3). [Cases: Witnesses 196. 1. C.J.S. Witnesses § 358.] “More than half of the states have ‘shield laws’ creating ‘reporters’ privileges’ that are sometimes broader than the First Amendment version of that privilege.” David A. Anderson,
estate tail quasi
An estate granted by a life tenant, who, despite using language of conveyance that is otherwise sufficient to create an estate tail, is unable to grant in perpetuity.
political offense
political offense. A crime directed against the security or government of a nation, such as treason, sedition, or espionage. • Under principles of international law, the perpetrator of a political offense cannot be extradited. — Also termed political crime. [Cases: Extradition and Detainers 5.]
(1) Articles of Confederation (1)
(1) Articles of Confederation (1) 〈美〉邦联条例 《邦联和永久联合条例》〔Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union〕是1775年对英宣战后本杰明·富兰克林〔Benjamin Franklin〕赋予其所倡导的各州宪法的名称。1776年，大陆会议〔Continental Congress〕任命一个委员会负责起草一部宪法，此一努力耗时共计五载。争论主要围绕下列问题：中央应接管各州权力的程度，西部土地的控制，各州代表在国会的权限及征税权。最终，邦联条例认可了各州在国会中同等代表权原则，否定了国会有管理商业或征税的中央权力；据此，国会享有外事和印第安事务、宣布和战和西部土地的「独有的绝对」〔sole and exclusive〕权力，国会有权在与原始州平等的基础上接纳新州加入邦联。邦联条例并没有创立一个联邦行政部门或联邦司法机关，对邦联条例进行任何修正都须各州一致同意。1781年3月1日即马里兰州批准邦联条例当日，该条例开始生效；但实施后不到8年，由于缺乏控制各州间商业及其他冲突的中央权力，导致了1787年新的制宪会议〔Constitutional Convention〕的召开。新宪法于1788年6月17日得以批准，同年7月2日，最后一届邦联国会〔Confederation Congress〕主席赛勒斯·格里芬〔Cyrus Griffin〕宣布邦联条例已为新宪法取代。（注：原版附有ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION原文，此略去。）
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destructibility of contingent remainders
destructibility of contingent remainders 不确定剩余地产权的可消灭性 处理因条件不足而可能丧失未来利益的一种原则。这种可消灭的不确定的未来利益依照「反永久性规则」〔Rule Against Perpetuities〕处理，其他未来利益的可消灭性则基于授予者或现有地产的所有者的行为确定。
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in paper
in paper. Hist. Of a proceeding that is within the jurisdiction of the trial court; that is, before the record is prepared for an appeal. “Formerly, the suitors were much perplexed by writs of error brought upon very slight and trivial grounds, as misspellings and other mistakes of the clerks, all which might be amended
metus
metus (mee-t[schwa]s), n. [Latin] Roman law. 1. Fear of imminent danger; apprehension of serious danger, esp. in the form of duress to force a person to do something; the use of threats to bring about some end. • Metus was more comprehensive than duress is in Anglo-American law. It included fear of any evil that