Evidence suggesting that an alleged fact does not exist, such as a witness’s testifying that he or she did not see an event occur. • Negative evidence is generally regarded as weaker than positive evidence because a positive assertion that a witness saw an event is a stronger statement than an assertion that a witness […]
Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972. A federal statute generally prohibiting sex discrimination and harassment by educational facilities that receive federal funds. • This term is often referred to simply as Title IX.20 USCA §§ 1681 et seq. [Cases: Civil Rights 1067. C.J.S. Civil Rights §§ 2, 7, 44, 49–53, 64, 86, 221.]
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Serious physical impairment of the human body; esp., bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes serious, permanent disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any body part or organ. Model Penal Code § 210.0(3). • Typically, the fact-finder must decide in any given case whether the injury
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Damages awarded in addition to actual damages when the defendant acted with recklessness, malice, or deceit; specif., damages assessed by way of penalizing the wrongdoer or making an example to others. • Punitive damages, which are intended to punish and thereby deter blameworthy conduct, are generally not recoverable for breach of contract. The Supreme Court
praefectus urbi (pri-fek-t[schwa]s [schwa]r-bI). [Latin “prefect of the city”] Roman law. A senator charged with keeping law and order in the city of Rome. • This duty originated in the early Empire. The praefectus had both criminal and civil jurisdiction; the latter was gradually taken over from the praetor, although the praefectus’s civil jurisdiction was
Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Corporation. A federally chartered corporation in the U.S. Department of Agriculture responsible for funding the development and marketing of new nonfood products made from farm and forestry materials. — Abbr. AARCC.
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Slang. An heir distant enough to feel no grief when a relative dies and leaves an inheritance (generally viewed as a windfall) to the heir.
chattel paper. A writing that shows both a monetary obligation and a security interest in or a lease of specific goods. UCC § 9-102(a)(11). • Chattel paper is generally used in a consumer transaction when the consumer buys goods on credit. The consumer typically promises to pay for the goods by executing a promissory note,
new style. The modern system for ordering time according to the Gregorian method, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 and adopted in England and the American colonies in 1752. • Because the Julian calendar was slightly longer than the astronomical year, the vernal equinox was displaced by ten days. Pope Gregory reformed the calendar
drainage district. A political subdivision authorized to levy assessments for making drainage improvements within its area. [Cases: Drains 12. C.J.S. Drains § 8.] “In the United States there are numerous special districts that administer drainage projects. They are typically formed under state law after a local election or petition showing consent of a majority of