proctor. 1. One appointed to manage the affairs of another. 2. An advocate who represents clients in ecclesiastical courts; PROCURATOR(4). 3. DIVORCE PROCTOR . 4. An advocate who represents a party in the admiralty side of a district court. — Also termed (in sense 4) proctor in admiralty.
chamber, n. 1. A room or compartment (gas chamber). 2. A legislative or judicial body or other deliberative assembly (chamber of commerce). 3. The hall or room where such a body conducts business (the senate chamber). — chamber, adj. judge’s chamber. (usu. pl.) 1. The private room or office of a judge. 2. Any place
Court of Convocation. Eccles. law. An assembly of high-ranking provincial officials and representatives of the lower clergy having jurisdiction over cases of heresy, schism, and other ecclesiastical matters.
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A covenant whose duty of performance passes from the original covenantor to the covenantor’s representatives. Cf. intransitive covenant.
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Clerk of the Privy Seal (priv-ee seel). Hist. An officer responsible for preparing documents for the Lord Privy Seal. • The use of the Privy Seal was abolished in 1884. See PRIVY SEAL.
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animal. Any living creature other than a human being. — Also termed creature. domestic animal. 1. An animal that is customarily devoted to the service of humankind at the time and in the place where it is helped. See DOMITAE NATURAE; MANSUETAE NATURAE. 2. Any animal that is statutorily so designated. feral animal. A domestic
chimney sweepers 烟囱清扫工 英国早期烟囱清扫工的工作受到许多法令的限制，比如，烟囱清扫工僱佣短工、帮工或学徒须先从警察局得到批准，并且不得以敲门或按门铃的方法寻人僱佣，以免打扰住户。这些限制都被1938年的《烟囱清扫工法》〔Chimney Sweepers (Repeal) Act〕所取消。
in paper. Hist. Of a proceeding that is within the jurisdiction of the trial court; that is, before the record is prepared for an appeal. “Formerly, the suitors were much perplexed by writs of error brought upon very slight and trivial grounds, as misspellings and other mistakes of the clerks, all which might be amended
zero-bracket amount. A tax deduction formerly available to all individual taxpayers, regardless of whether they itemized their deductions. • In 1944 this was replaced by the standard deduction. — Abbr. ZBA. See standard deduction under DEDUCTION.
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judicial officer 司法官员 指根据宪法、制定法或法院规则的规定行使司法权的人。司法官员的种类较多，其权限各不相同。最通常的司法官员即法官，其他的有治安法官〔magistrate；justice of the peace〕、主事法官〔master〕、受托裁判官〔commissioner〕、审断人〔referee〕、听审官〔hearing officer〕，或者对他们总称为「助理司法人员」〔parajudicial personnel〕或「助理法官」〔parajudge〕。他们的权限通常来自于法院的授权，也有的是根据制定法的规定。一部分助理司法人员在诉讼过程中履行一些基本的职能，如确定保释、听审某类案件等，其他的则专门负责某一方面或某种程序的工作，如遗嘱检验、青少年违法事件、交通事故、家庭关系等。此外还有些官员如假释委员会成员、缓刑官员等，虽隶属于行政机构，但也具有一些与其职权相关的有限的、特定的司法权限。该词也可以指法院的任何官员，如执达官〔bailiff〕、法庭记录员〔court reporter〕等。