The principle that the United States will allow no intervention or domination by any non-American nation in the Western Hemisphere. • This principle, which has some recognition in international law (though not as a formal doctrine), was first announced by President James Monroe in 1823.
airman’s certificate. A license that every aircraft pilot must have to operate an aircraft in U.S. airspace. 49 USCA §§ 44701–44711; 14 CFR § 61. 3. [Cases: Aviation 122. C.J.S. Aeronautics and Aerospace §§ 42–45, 56.]
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The right to print and publish materials without governmental intervention, as guaranteed by the First Amendment. — Also termed liberty of the press. [Cases: Constitutional Law 90.1(8). C.J.S. Constitutional Law §§ 552, 554, 562–565, 597–598, 603–604.]
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domestic, adj. 1. Of or relating to one’s own country (domestic affairs). 2. Of or relating to one’s own jurisdiction (in Alaska, a domestic corporation is an Alaskan one). 3. Of or relating to the family or the household (a domestic dispute). domestic . See DOMESTIC SERVANT.
customary law. Law consisting of customs that are accepted as legal requirements or obligatory rules of conduct; practices and beliefs that are so vital and intrinsic a part of a social and economic system that they are treated as if they were laws. — Also termed consuetudinary law. “In contrast with the statute, customary law
step-in-the-dark rule. Torts. The contributory-negligence rule that a person who enters a totally unfamiliar area in the darkness has a duty, in the absence of unusual stress, to refrain from proceeding until first ascertaining the existence of any dangerous obstacles. See contributory negligence under NEGLIGENCE. [Cases: Negligence 1286(8). C.J.S. Negligence § 640.]
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ordinatum est (or-d[schwa]-nay-t[schwa]m est). [Law Latin] Hist. It is ordered. • These were the usual first words of a court order entered in Latin.
McDonnell Douglas test. Employment law. The principle for applying a shifting burden of proof in employment-discrimination cases, essentially requiring the plaintiff to come forward with evidence of discrimination and the defendant to come forward with evidence showing that the employment action complained of was taken for nondiscriminatory reasons. • Under this test, the plaintiff is
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Revenue Ruling. An official interpretation by the IRS of the proper application of the tax law to a specific transaction. • Revenue Rulings carry some authoritative weight and may be relied on by the taxpayer who requested the ruling. — Abbr. Rev. Rul. [Cases: Internal Revenue 3043, 3049.]