must
must aux. 必须 该词通常为一命令性词汇，表示具有强制性的效力。在这个意义上，它与「may」所表达的效果相对。但这并非其唯一含义，有时用在法律条文或法律文书中仅表示具有指示性〔directory〕的效力，如在表示许可性〔permissive〕的意义上使用，也包括有时虽在表示命令性〔mandatory〕的意义上使用，但也仅表示具有指示性的效力。在英国、加拿大和澳大利亚，一般认为在表示要求〔requirements〕时使用该词比用「shall」更好，现在美国也正趋于接受这一观点。
Search Results for: DIRECTORY
locative calls
locative calls 位置标记；地界标记 指能明确表明土地位置的界标、界石及其他实物，区别于用走向和距离标示土地边界的位置描述即描述性标记〔descriptive calls〕，也不同于只是指出土地周围地区不同标记的位置指示〔directory calls〕。
law list
law list (1)法律指南 １英国的《法律指南》是一个半官方性质的出版物，自1801年起每年出版一期，其中列有出庭律师、事务律师及其他法律执业者的姓名、地址、取得律师资格的时间。根据制定法，事务律师的名字被列于其中是证明该律师当年持有执业证书的表面证据。从1977年起，《法律指南》被《律师指南》〔Bar List〕取代；２美国的《法律指南》中不仅包括执业律师的姓名和地址，还包括与律师行业有关的其他信息，如法院和法院日程表、专业领域的律师(如海商法、专利法等)、速记员、笔迹鉴定专家、私人侦探、法律节录等。美国大多数州和许多大城市也出版自己的法律指南。 (2)〈美〉法律电话号码簿 例如马丁代尔-哈贝尔〔Martindale-Hubbell〕出版的「Law Directory」。
law list
law list. 1. A publication compiling the names and addresses of practicing lawyers and other information of interest to the profession, such as court calendars, lawyers with specialized practices, stenographers, and the like. 2. A legal directory that provides biographical information about lawyers, such as Martindale-Hubbell. • Many states and large cities have law lists
locative calls
locative calls (lok-[schwa]-tiv).Property. In land descriptions, specific descriptions that fix the boundaries of the land. • Locative calls may be marks of location, landmarks, or other physical objects. If calls in a description conflict, locative calls control over those indicating a general area of a boundary. See CALL(5); DIRECTORY CALL. [Cases: Boundaries 1–23. C.J.S. Boundaries
conformity act
Conformity Act. Hist. An 1872 federal statute providing that the practice and procedure in federal district courts (other than in equity and admiralty matters) must conform to the practice and procedure used by the state courts for like cases. • The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (effective in 1938) superseded the Conformity Act. “[E]ven where
fixed trust
A trust in which the trustee may not exercise any discretion over the trust’s management or distributions. — Also termed directory trust; nondiscretionary trust.
mandatory statute
A law that requires a course of action as opposed to merely permitting it. Cf. directory statute. [Cases: Statutes 227. C.J.S. Statutes §§ 362–369.]
consulate
consulate (kon-s[schwa]-lit). 1. The office or jurisdiction of a consul (the senator advised the businessman to notify the U.S. consulate in Kuwait before visiting the country). [Cases: Ambassadors and Consuls 5. C.J.S. Ambassadors and Consuls §§ 26–30.] 2. The location of a consul’s office or residence (the family was staying on the second floor, just