instrument. 1. A written legal document that defines rights, duties, entitlements, or liabilities, such as a contract, will, promissory note, or share certificate. “An ‘instrument’ seems to embrace contracts, deeds, statutes, wills, Orders in Council, orders, warrants, schemes, letters patent, rules, regulations, bye-laws, whether in writing or in print, or partly in both; in fact, […]
invoice, n. An itemized list of goods or services furnished by a seller to a buyer, usu. specifying the price and terms of sale; a bill of costs. [Cases: Evidence 355(3).] — invoice, vb. consular invoice. An invoice used to hasten the entry of goods into a country by bearing the signature of the country’s
not found. Words placed on a bill of indictment, meaning that the grand jury has insufficient evidence to support a true bill. See IGNORAMUS; NO BILL. Cf. TRUE BILL.
document of title. A written description, identification, or declaration of goods authorizing the holder (usu. a bailee) to receive, hold, and dispose of the document and the goods it covers. • Documents of title, such as bills of lading, warehouse receipts, and delivery orders, are generally governed by Article 7 of the UCC. See BAILMENT(1)–(3).
token, n. 1. A sign or mark; a tangible evidence of the existence of a fact. 2. A sign or indication of an intention to do something, as when a buyer places a small order with a vendor to show good faith with a view toward later placing a larger order. 3. A coin or
short title 〈英〉法律简称 英国1845年的一项法律(制定法)规定在其他法律与司法文件中引用该法律时，可直接使用其简略名称，这一作法开创了用简略名称指代议会制定法的先河，其后基本遵循这一作法。但也有议会制定法并无简略名称。1896年《法律简称法》〔Short Titles Act〕对议会制定的2 076件法律给予了简略名称，1948年《制定法修订法》〔Statute Law Revision Act〕又对158件议会制定的法律给予了简略名称。如今，依据上议院的命令，每一个法案须包含一节规定其简略名称。但仍有许多法律无简略名称，这样在其他法律中出现或在司法文件中援用时须使用全称，其形式为「××王在位××年该届议会之制定法第×章之标题×」，如「An Act of the session of the 5th and 6th years of the reign of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria, chapter 52, intituled, 『An Act to Indemnify Witnesses who may give Evidence before the Lords Spiritual and Temporal on a Bill to exclude the Borough of
United States Revised Statutes 《美国修订制定法》 1866年美国国会第一次授权对《制定法大全》〔Statutes at Large〕进行法典化，《1875年修订制定法》〔Revised Statutes of 1875〕的出版即是这次法典化的产物。在修订之初，依国会授权成立的修订委员会首先从全部的《制定法大全》中抽取出那些仍然有效、且具有通用和永久性质〔general and permanent nature〕的公法〔public laws〕，然后将这些法律依次重写，并把这些法律的修正案〔amendments〕补充进去，已废除的部分则予以删除。全部法律按各章主题〔topic in chapters〕或标题〔titles〕为序排列，如标题35下为税法，标题70下为刑法。所有标题合订为一卷本，以主题为索引，这就是《1875年修订制定法》。后修订委员会将其作为一项法案〔bill〕提交国会以立法程序通过，从而成为实在法〔positive law〕，此后，对相关法律便无需再从《制定法大全》中援引。但《1875年修订制定法》作为第一版，其中也包含了许多不准确的地方及对法律作了未经授权的更改。为此，1878年又出版了《修订制定法》的第二版，它又将1873年以来通过的法律收入，将此期间废除的法律删除，并纠正了第一版中因疏忽而造成的错误。但是，《修订制定法》的第二版从未经国会以立法程序通过，所以，其中对第一版内容所作的修改仅构成法律的表面证据〔prima facie evidence of the law〕。此后，直至1926年，对联邦法律未再进行过法典化。
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dock receipt. Maritime law. An interim document issued by a maritime carrier to evidence the delivery of goods at the dock. • Generally, a dock receipt entitles the designated person to receive a bill of lading, waybill, or other transport document. — Also termed dock warrant. See DOCUMENT OF TITLE. [Cases: Shipping 106(1). C.J.S. Shipping
ignoramus (ig-n[schwa]-ray-m[schwa]s). [Law Latin] Hist. We do not know. • This notation, when written on a bill of indictment, indicated the grand jury’s rejection of the bill. See NOT FOUND; NO BILL. Cf. TRUE BILL. “When the grand jury have heard the evidence, if they think it a groundless accusation, they used formerly to endorse
The constructive delivery of the subject matter of a sale or gift by the actual delivery of an article that represents the item, that renders access to it possible, or that provides evidence of the title to it, such as the key to a warehouse or a bill of lading for goods on shipboard. [Cases: