chattels personal 属人动产 狭义的属人动产专指可移动的财产，但这个词通常用于广义，即指用于除不动产和属地动产外的任何种类的财产，包括有形动产〔corporeal chattels〕和无形动产〔incorporeal chattels〕、占有动产〔choses in possession〕和权利动产〔choses in action〕。有形动产或者占有动产包括动物、车辆、书籍，以及其他可以实际占有的物；无形动产或权利动产则包括债权、公司股份、版权以及其他一切只能通过诉讼才能实现的权利来体现其存在的物。 (→catalla; personal property)
real estate 土地；地产；地产权益 1926年以前，指除定期地产权〔term of years〕之外的以各种方式保有的土地、地产及各类地产权，其中包括土地上的房屋及其它附属物。1925年之后，它包括定期租约地及其权益〔chattels real〕和土地上的一切权益，但不包括土地信托买卖中产生的收益及在抵押担保过程中产生的收益。(→term of years; chattels real)
leasehold, n. A tenant’s possessory estate in land or premises, the four types being the tenancy for years, the periodic tenancy, the tenancy at will, and the tenancy at sufferance. • Although a leasehold has some of the characteristics of real property, it has historically been classified as a chattel real. — Also termed leasehold
abjuration (ab-juu-ray-sh[schwa]n), n. A renouncing by oath. abjuration of the realm. An oath taken to leave the realm forever. “If a malefactor took refuge [in sanctuary] … the coroner came and parleyed with the refugee, who had his choice between submitting to trial and abjuring the realm. If he chose the latter course, he hurried
An irrevocable license in real estate that confers the right (not the mere permission) to perform an act or acts upon the property; esp., a license incidental to the ownership of an interest in a chattel located on the land with respect to which the license exists. • This type of license is considered an
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A statutory lien that secures payment for labor or materials supplied in improving, repairing, or maintaining real or personal property, such as a building, an automobile, or the like. — Also termed artisan’s lien; chattel lien (for personal property); construction lien (for labor); garageman’s lien (for repaired vehicles); laborer’s lien (for labor); materialman’s lien (for
quasi personalty 准动产 指虽然实际或假定地附着在不动产上，但法律认其为可移动之物。其中，实际附着在不动产上者，如庄稼〔emblement〕、附属装置〔fixture〕等；假定附着在不动产上者，如不动产的收益〔chattel-real〕、定期不动产权〔lease for years〕等。
finder. 1. An intermediary who brings together parties for a business opportunity, such as two companies for a merger, a borrower and a financial institution, an issuer and an underwriter of securities, or a seller and a buyer of real estate. • A finder differs from a broker-dealer because the finder merely brings two parties
encumbrance, n. A claim or liability that is attached to property or some other right and that may lessen its value, such as a lien or mortgage; any property right that is not an ownership interest. • An encumbrance cannot defeat the transfer of possession, but it remains after the property or right is transferred.
lease n. (1)(不动产)租赁；租契；租约；租赁合同 出租人将其土地、房屋以一定期限交付承租人占有和使用，承租人支付租金的协议。在这一关系中，出租财产的人被称为出租人〔lessor; landlord〕，接受财产并占有和使用的一方为承租人〔lessee; tenant〕。这其中「landlord」和「tenant」一般适用于不动产的租赁关系中，而「lessor」和「lessee」则既可用于不动产也可用于动产的租赁关系中。另外，与「lease」意思相近的还有「demise」、「let」等，都有租赁的含意，而且在古代法律文献的行文中一般都是多个词连用，如「demise、lease、and to farm let」或「demise and lease」。租赁的特点是：１出租人对租赁物拥有的产权必须大于承租人取得的权益，如两者相等则属不动产转让而非租赁；２承租人取得租赁物的排它占有权〔exclusive possession〕，否则不是租赁而仅是使用许可〔licence〕；３出租人在租赁期满后保留租赁物的复归权〔reversionary interest〕。租赁可分3类：定期租赁、双方可随时终止的不定期租赁和终身租赁。按照英国1677年《防止欺诈法》和1925年《财产法》，3年以上租期的租赁必须以书面盖印契据订立，不满3年的租赁则得以口头方式成立。美国各州对书面租契的要求自1年至3年以上不等。 (2)租赁权 按照普通法，不动产租赁权属动产权益〔chattel interests〕中的准不动产〔chattels real〕，英国1925年《财产法》还将定期租赁定为法律上或普通法上的不动产权，而终身租赁则转成衡平法上的权益。该法还规定支付地租或租金的终身租赁应转成租期90年的租赁，并得按协议提前终止。 (3)租赁物；租借物 (4)(动产)租赁；租借 以一定对价将动产出租给他人使用。 v. (5)出租 (6)租得；租有(土地等)