single-registration rule. Copyright. The U.S. Copyright Office doctrine that permits only one registration for each original work. • Exceptions to the rule are routinely made for unpublished works that are later published. Generally, a revised work cannot be registered a second time if the revisions are not substantial, but the creator may be allowed to […]
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rules of evidence 证据规则 规定有关在庭审中证据的可采性问题的规则，如美国《联邦证据规则》〔Federal Rules of Evidence〕。
lawyer-witness rule. The principle that an attorney who will likely be called as a fact witness at trial may not participate as an advocate in the case, unless the testimony will be about an uncontested matter or the amount of attorney’s fees in the case, or if disqualifying the attorney would create a substantial hardship
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Maritime law. The obsolete principle that when two parties are jointly liable to a third party for a tort, each party is liable for only half the damages. • The courts now apply a comparative-negligence standard. [Cases: Collision 143. C.J.S. Collision §§ 242, 245, 259, 261–262.]
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universal-inheritance rule. Wills & estates. A doctrine holding that an intestate estate escheats to the state only if the decedent leaves no surviving relatives, no matter how distant. • Through the first half of the 20th century, this rule was broadly followed in American jurisdictions. The Uniform Probate Code abandons the universal-inheritance rule and provides
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personal attack rule 〈美〉个人攻击规则 《联邦通讯委员会规则》〔Federal Communications Commission Rule〕规定在广播中就一项有争论的公共话题发表意见，含有攻击个人的品格、道德、诚信等言论的，电台应告知被攻击者并为其提供作出反应的机会。
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complete enjoyment rule 完全享有原则 地役权〔easement〕中隐含的一项法律原则，地役权人使用他人地上通道的权利可在合理或对其有实益的范围内行使，以保证其享有地役权的土地价值不因之受损。
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mailbox rule 邮筒规则 一指英美合同法中关于承诺生效时间的规则。除非当事人另有约定或法律另有规定，只要地址填写准确，则一旦将对要约的承诺投入邮筒，该承诺立即生效，故亦称发信主义，从而与以承诺到达要约人方始生效的「到达主义」相区别。亦指诉状或其他法律文件的提交或送达规则，即以邮寄之日为提交或送达之日。
head-and-master rule. Hist. The doctrine that the husband alone is authorized to manage community property. • Some courts have held that the rule is unconstitutional gender-based discrimination. — Also termed lord-and-master rule. Cf. EQUAL-MANAGEMENT RULE.
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rule of reasonable certainty 合理确定规则 一指在人身伤害案件中，对于因所受伤害而可合理确定的将来痛苦，可以获得损害赔偿；一指以「合理确定」方式确定因违约而致的利润损失赔偿额。该种损失并不被认定为确切的金钱数额，而是通过证据使事实认定者〔fact finder〕对损失数额作出公平、合理的估计。
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