The pleasure, comfort, and advantage that a person may derive from the occupancy of land. • The term includes not only the interests that a person may have for residential, agricultural, commercial, industrial, and other purposes, but also interests in having the present-use value of the land unimpaired by changes in its physical condition.
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rules of navigation. Maritime law. The principles and regulations that govern the steering and sailing of vessels to avoid collisions. • Examples include the International Rules governing conduct on the high seas and the Inland Rules governing navigation on the inland waters of the United States and U.S. vessels on the Canadian waters of the
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10-K. A financial report filed annually with the SEC by a registered corporation. • The report typically includes an audited financial statement, a description of the corporation’s business and financial condition, and summaries of other financial data. — Also termed Form 10-K. Cf. 8-k. [Cases: Securities Regulation 60.27(6). C.J.S. Securities Regulation § 176.]
A vessel that can withstand the ordinary stress of the wind, waves, and other weather that seagoing vessels might ordinarily be expected to encounter. • In some legal contexts, the question whether a vessel is seaworthy includes the question whether it is fit to carry an intended cargo properly. See SEAWORTHY. [Cases: Seamen 9; Shipping
hazard, n. 1. Danger or peril; esp., a contributing factor to a peril. See PERIL. extraordinary hazard. Workers’ compensation. An unusual occupational danger that is increased by the acts of employees other than the injured worker. — Also termed extraordinary danger. [Cases: Workers’ Compensation 511–520, 678. C.J.S. Workmen’s Compensation §§ 288–304, 338, 409, 420, 424.]
advancement, n. A payment or gift to an heir (esp. a child) during one’s lifetime as an advance share of one’s estate, with the intention of reducing or extinguishing or diminishing the heir’s claim to the estate under intestacy laws. • In some jurisdictions, the donor’s intent is irrelevant if all the statutory elements of
hand down, vb. To announce or file an opinion in a case. • The term was originally used in connection with an appellate-court opinion sent to the court below; it was later expanded to include any decision by a court on a case or point under consideration. [Cases: Appeal and Error 1181–1182; Federal Courts 921.
fair-cross-section requirement. Constitutional law. The principle that a person’s right to an impartial jury, guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment, includes a requirement that the pool of potential jurors fairly represent the composition of the jurisdiction’s population. • The pool of potential jurors need not precisely match the composition of the jurisdiction. But the representation of
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Hist. An affidavit that lists — and seeks reimbursement from the opposing party for — the additional costs (above the filing fee and other basic fees charged by the court clerk) incurred by a party in taking a matter through trial. • Attorney fees, witness payments, and the like were included in this affidavit. See
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Hepburn Act. A 1906 federal statute that amended the Interstate Commerce Act to (1) increase the (now defunct) Interstate Commerce Commission’s jurisdiction to include pipelines, (2) prohibit free passes except to employees, (3) prohibit common carriers from transporting any products (except timber) in which they had an interest, and (4) require joint tariffs and a