attractive-nuisance doctrine. Torts. The rule that a person who owns property on which there is a dangerous thing or condition that will foreseeably lure children to trespass has a duty to protect those children from the danger ( the attractive-nuisance doctrine imposed a duty on the school to protect the children from the shallow, polluted […]
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contemnor (k[schwa]n-tem-[schwa]r or -n[schwa]r or -nor). A person who is guilty of contempt before an instrumentality of government, such as a court or legislature. — Also spelled contemner.
piercing the corporate veil. The judicial act of imposing personal liability on otherwise immune corporate officers, directors, and shareholders for the corporation’s wrongful acts. — Also termed disregarding the corporate entity; veil-piercing. See CORPORATE VEIL. [Cases: Corporations 1.4(1). C.J.S. Corporations §§ 9, 13.] “[C]ourts sometimes apply common law principles to ‘pierce the corporate veil’ and
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exclusive control. Under the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, a defendant’s sole management of and responsibility for the instrumentality causing harm. • Exclusive control is a prerequisite to the doctrine’s applicability. See RES IPSA LOQUITUR . [Cases: Negligence 1614. C.J.S. Negligence §§ 763–767.]
dangerous, adj. 1. (Of a condition, situation, etc.) perilous; hazardous; unsafe (a dangerous intersection). 2. (Of a person, an object, etc.) likely to cause serious bodily harm (a dangerous weapon) (a dangerous criminal). imminently dangerous. (Of a person, behavior, activity, or thing) reasonably certain to place life and limb in peril. • This term is
arm of the state. An entity created by a state and operating as an alter ego or instrumentality of the state, such as a state university or a state department of transportation. • The 11th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution generally bars suits in federal court by individuals against states. The Amendment has been interpreted
piercing the corporate veil 揭穿公司面纱 一项司法原则，即对公司的违法行为，例如为实施诈骗而成立公司，法院可以不考虑通常的免除公司管理人员等人的个人责任。根据此项原则，以公司名义实施欺诈或其他不法行为时，可以不顾公司的法人结构和股东的有限责任，责令股东、管理人员、董事等人承担个人责任。但法院只有对欺诈行为或违法行为或为避免侵害他人权利时，才能不考虑其公司的组织形式。 (→instrumentality rule)
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A department or other instrumentality of the executive branch of the federal government, in-cluding a government corporation and the Government Printing Office. • The Administrative Procedure Act defines the term agency negatively as being any U.S. governmental authority that does not include Congress, the courts, the government of the District of Columbia, the government of
governmental immunity. See sovereign immunity under IMMUNITY(1). GOVERNMENTAL INSTRUMENTALITY governmental instrumentality. A constitutionally or legislatively created agency that is immune from certain kinds of liability, as for taxes or punitive damages. [Cases: United States 53. C.J.S. United States §§ 83, 88–95.]
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