ingenuus
ingenuus (in-jen-yoo-[schwa]s), n. [Latin] Roman law. A free-born person. • This term, denoting freeborn persons, was commonly opposed to libertini (people born into slavery and later emancipated). Cf. LATINI JUNIANI; SERVUS.
Search Results for: SLAVERY
mancipium
mancipium (man-sip-ee-[schwa]m), n. [Latin “a slave”] Roman law. 1. A slave, esp. by virtue of being captured by an enemy in war. 2. A temporary quasi-servile status, necessarily occurring in an emancipation, and also when a father noxally surrendered a son to answer for a delict. See EMANCIPATION; NOXAL ACTION(1). “But if the patria potestas
contubernium
contubernium (kon-t[y]uu-b[schwa]r-nee-[schwa]m). [Latin] Roman law. A marriage-like union between slaves. • Contubernium was recognized in the United States. Before slavery was abolished, only one Southern court gave a marriage between slaves legal effect upon manumission. See Girod v. Lewis, 6 Mart. (O.S.) 559, 559–60 (La. 1819). In 1825, the Louisiana legislature passed a law expressly
slave
slave n. 奴隶 是指完全受制于他人的意志，没有行动自由，其人身、财产及劳动处在他人无限制控制之下的人。在古罗马，奴隶是一种「物」〔res〕。在英格兰，自1772年萨默塞特案〔Sommersett’s Case〕后，不得蓄奴。在美国各曾经蓄奴的州，黑奴在法律被认可为「人」〔person〕而不是物，对黑奴的绝对控制权均有所限制，奴隶主不得暴力侵犯黑奴的生命及身体。黑奴不享有任何政治权利，民事权利较自由人受到更多的限制，此外黑奴还不得获取财产，获得的财产属于奴隶主。在美国，依据联邦宪法第十三条修正案，奴隶制被废止。 (→slavery)
Thirteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment, ratified in 1865, that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. [Cases: Constitutional Law 83(2). C.J.S. Constitutional Law §§ 482–486.]
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dediticii
dediticii (ded-i-tish-ee-Ior dee-di-tI-shee-I), n. pl.[Latin “those who have surrendered”] Roman law. The lowest class of freemen whose members were ineligible for Roman citizenship, including enemies granted freedom in exchange for surrender, or, under the Lex Aelia Sentia, manumitted slaves convicted of a crime in a court, or branded or put in chains by their former
child labor
child labor. The employment of workers under the age of majority. • This term typically focuses on abusive practices such as exploitative factory work; slavery, sale, and trafficking in children; forced or compulsory labor such as debt bondage and serfdom; and the use of children in prostitution, pornography, drug-trafficking, or anything else that might jeopardize
latini juniani
Latini Juniani (l[schwa]-tI-nI joo-nee-ay-nI), n. pl.[Latin “Junian Latins”] Roman law. Informally manumitted slaves who acquired some rights and privileges as free people, but not Roman citizenship. • They were a special class of freedmen (libertini) who could one day become citizens. If a Latinus Junianus did not become a citizen, then upon death that person’s
personal servitude
personal servitude 属人地役 专属于役权人并在其死亡时即告终止的地役。区别于属地地役〔real servitude〕。 (→servitude in gross; slavery)
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