privileged villeinage
privileged villeinage (英格兰古法)特许农役保有 即贱微农役保有〔villein socage〕,区别于纯粹农役保有〔pure villeinage〕,因前者的保有人所要提供的劳役是确定的,而后者的保有人要提供领主所要求的任何劳役。 (→villein socage)
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privileged villeinage (英格兰古法)特许农役保有 即贱微农役保有〔villein socage〕,区别于纯粹农役保有〔pure villeinage〕,因前者的保有人所要提供的劳役是确定的,而后者的保有人要提供领主所要求的任何劳役。 (→villein socage)
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coterellus (kot-[schwa]-rel-[schwa]s). [Law Latin] Hist. A serf who inhabits a cottage; a servile tenant whose person, issue, and goods are at the disposal of the lord. — Also spelled coterell. Cf. COTARIUS. “Coterellus…. A cottager. Considered by Spelman and others, the same with cotarius. But Cowell makes the distinction that the cotarius had free socage
tutor alienus 〈英〉外来监护人 当某一外来人进占未满14岁的未成年人的土地并获得收益时,该未成年人可对他提起诉讼,要求其报告账目并由其承担农役监护人〔guardian in socage〕之责。 (→ward)
villeinage n. (1)农奴土地保有;维兰土地保有 封建社会土地保有形式之一,低于自由农役保有〔free socage〕,其保有条件随庄园习惯之不同而不同,但其役务之性质一般都是较低贱的〔base service;villein service〕和不确定的,不过保有者既可以是农奴,也可以是自由人。后来在贱微农役保有〔villein socage〕或特许农奴保有〔privileged villeinage〕与纯粹农奴保有〔pure villeinage〕之间产生了区别,前者是在王室保留地〔king’s demesne〕内,以履行既定的卑贱役务为条件保有土地,且只要他还能够并且愿意履行上述役务就不能将之逐出保有地;后者则是随中间领主之意愿,以履行每天加给他们的不确定的役务为条件保有土地。十四、十五世纪,固定的货币地租取代了劳役地租。当维兰土地保有人出卖其土地时,要在领主法庭对相关情况进行登记,买者同时获得一份副本,并因此被称为公簿地产保有人〔copyholder〕。1925年,农奴保有和公簿保有均被合并为农役保有。 (→serfdom) (2)维兰身份;农奴身份(→serfdom;villein)
Hist. A fee interest in land held by ordinary feudal tenure, such as socage, rather than by ecclesiastical tenure through frankalmoin. See FRANKALMOIN; SOCAGE.
socmanry (sok-m[schwa]n-ree). Hist. 1. Free tenure by socage. 2. Land and tenements held only by simple services; land enfranchised by the sovereign from ancient demesne. • The tenants were socmen. 3. The state of being a socman.
knight-service. Hist. A type of lay tenure in which a knight held land of another person or the Crown in exchange for a pledge of military service. — Also termed knight’s service; (Scots law) ward holding. Cf. BASE SERVICE; SOCAGE; VILLEINAGE. “By far the greater part of England is held of the king by knight’s
avail of marriage 婚姻收益 领主对被监护人有婚姻处置权,并有权在被监护人成年且未征得他的同意而私自结婚时得到收益或报偿。在农役租佃〔socage〕形式下的监护人也享有同样的权利,1747年废止该项权利。
servitium socae (s[schwa]r-vish-ee-[schwa]m soh-see). [Latin “service of the plow”] Hist. Socage.
grand serjeanty (采邑法)大侍君役土地保有 一种通过履行侍君役而获得土地保有权之保有形式。这种土地保有人应亲自为国王服役,诸如为其持旗、执兵器、担任御马总管、统帅军队、司膳总管及在国王加冕礼上在国王前为其持剑或任宫廷其他任何官职等。大侍君役土地保有与小侍君役土地保有〔petty serjeanty〕不同,因为前者所服劳役是较高贵和荣耀的。这种土地保有形式现在尽管不再是一种骑士役土地保有〔tenure by knight’s service〕,但仍存在,1660年的一部制定法将其转变成了一种自由和普通的农役保有〔socage〕形式,仅保留了那些荣誉性的劳役服务,后得到1925年的《财产法》〔Law of Property Act〕的继续确认。