trade, n. 1. The business of buying and selling or bartering goods or services; COMMERCE. inland trade. Trade wholly carried on within a country, as distinguished from foreign commerce. precarious trade. Int’l law. Trade by a neutral country between two belligerent powers, allowed to exist at the latter’s sufferance. 2. A transaction or swap. 3. […]
holding over. 1. A tenant’s action in continuing to occupy the leased premises after the lease term has expired. • Holding over creates a tenancy at sufferance, with the tenant being referred to as a holdover. See tenancy at sufferance under TENANCY. [Cases: Landlord and Tenant 119(2).C.J.S. Landlord and Tenant § 177.] 2. Parliamentary law.
usus 〈拉〉(罗马法) (1)使用权 人役权的一种。广义上指在不浪费资金或财物的条件下，非所有权人使用特定财产的权利。不同于用益权〔usufructus〕，区别在于使用权人不得享有财产收益。狭义上指对土地不确定的享用权。与房屋居住权〔right of habitatio of houses〕相似，可与英格兰法中的逾期租赁〔tenancy at sufferance〕或者任意租赁〔tenancy at will〕相类比。其不确定性表现在使用权人只有在不对所有人造成妨碍时才能保有使用权。该权利具有严格的属人性，表现为使用权人不得出租、出让土地；非使用权人一般不得分享地上产品。 (2)时效婚 指以像夫妻一样共同生活为目的，通过不间断地同居满1年而获得对妻子的夫权〔manus〕所确立的婚姻关系。时效婚和共食婚〔confarreatio〕、买卖婚〔coemptio〕一起，构成罗马有夫权婚姻的三种结婚方式。
leasehold n. 租赁保有；租赁保有产；租赁保有权 指根据租赁合同，承租人对不动产享有的权益。租赁权益是财产所有人通过租约转让给承租人的不动产上的部分权益，该权益与财产所有人保留的权利完全分离、截然不同。租赁权益的类型主要有长期租赁〔tenancy for years〕、定期租赁〔periodic tenancy〕、任意期限租赁〔tenancy at will〕、容许租赁〔tenancy at sufferance〕四种。动产的租赁不能产生租赁权益，租赁权益本身在英国法上被认为属于动产性权益，但在某些立法上，如1837年《遗嘱法》〔Wills Act〕、1925年《遗产管理法》〔Administration of Estates Act〕，却将租赁保有权包括在不动产中。租赁权益是承租人对租赁财产的使用权，小于自由保有地产权，甚至小于终身地产权益。 (→lease)
Int’l law. Trade by a neutral country between two belligerent powers, allowed to exist at the latter’s sufferance.
An estate for years, an estate at will, or an estate at sufferance.
estate less than freehold Read More »