sheriff. [Middle English shire reeve from Anglo-Saxon scirgerefa] 1. A county’s chief peace officer, usu. elected, who in most jurisdictions acts as custodian of the county jail, executes civil and criminal process, and carries out judicial mandates within the county. — Also termed high sheriff; vice-comes. [Cases: Sheriffs and Constables 1. C.J.S. Sheriffs and Constables […]
spread, n. 1. Banking. The difference between the interest rate that a financial institution must pay to attract deposits and the rate at which money can be loaned. 2. Securities. The difference between the highest price a buyer will pay for a security (the bid price) and the lowest price at which a seller will
An unusual or infrequent expense, such as a write-off of goodwill or a large judgment. • As used in a constitutional provision authorizing a state to incur extraordinary expenses, the term denotes an expense for the general welfare compelled by an unforeseen condition such as a natural disaster or war. — Also termed extraordinary item.
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Insurance. The first proof offered of a loss occurring under a policy, usu. sent in to the underwriters with a notification of the claim. [Cases: Insurance 3164. C.J.S. Insurance §§ 1280, 1316, 1627.]
Investment Company Act. A 1940 federal statute enacted to curb financial malpractices and abuses by regulating investment-company activities and transactions — specifically, by requiring registration of investment companies and prohibiting transactions by unregistered companies; by making certain persons ineligible as affiliated persons or underwriters; by regulating affiliations of directors, officers, and employees; by barring changes
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underwriting, n. 1. The act of assuming a risk by insuring it; the insurance of life or property. See INSURANCE. [Cases: Insurance 1515.] 2. The act of agreeing to buy all or part of a new issue of securities to be offered for public sale. [Cases: Securities Regulation 11.18, 60.31. C.J.S. Securities Regulation §§ 69,
chirographer of fines (kI-rog-r[schwa]-f[schwa]r) Hist. A Court of Common Pleas officer who engrossed court-ordered fines and delivered indentures of the fines to the parties. See INDENTURE OF A FINE. “Chirographer of fynes… signifieth in our common lawe, him in the common bench office, that ingrosseth fines in that court acknowledged, into a perpetuall record, after
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expunge (ek-sp[schwa]nj), vb. 1. To erase or destroy (the trustee wrongfully expunged the creditor’s claim against the debtor). 2. Parliamentary law. To declare (a vote or other action) null and outside the record, so that it is noted in the original record as expunged, and redacted from all future copies. — Also termed rescind and
Hist. Under certain acts of Parliament, the pleading form for a defendant’s general denial in a civil action. • This pleading form allowed a public officer to indicate action under a statute. The officer had to write the words “by statute” in the margin along with the year, chapter, and section of the applicable statute,
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registration, n. 1. The act of recording or enrolling (the county clerk handles registration of voters). [Cases: Elections 95–119. C.J.S. Elections §§ 7(3), 36–38, 40(1), 41, 46–47, 51–52.] criminal registration. The requirement in some communities that any felon who spends any time in the community must register his or her name with the police. •