Bachelor of Laws
Bachelor of Laws 法学学士学位 从法学院毕业时可获法学学士学位。在美国，它在很大程度上已被法学博士学位〔degree doctor of jurisprudence〕取代，但仍可授予完成了法学院课程而未获得大学或大学文科学位〔academic or liberal arts degree〕的人。在英国，它们是一个法学院的正式学位。
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termination
termination, n. 1. The act of ending something; EXTINGUISHMENT (termination of the partnership by winding up its affairs). termination of conditional contract. The act of putting an end to all unperformed portions of a conditional contract. [Cases: Contracts 249. C.J.S. Contracts §§ 422, 424, 427–428, 456, 465–466, 484.] termination of employment. The complete severance of
College of Advocates
College of Advocates 〈英〉 律师公会 经皇家特许状许可于1768年成立，其前身是为了从事罗马法〔civil law〕和教会法的活动而于1490年成立的社团。该会会员早在1567年即买下后来被称为博士院〔Doctors’ Commons〕的地方——此处又是海事法庭和教会法庭的建筑及法官的住所地。从1832年起，公会会长通常由拱顶法院法官〔Dean of the Arches〕担任，其会员则从经坎特伯雷大主教诏示接受为律师〔advocate〕的人中选举产生。只有牛津大学或剑桥大学的法学博士方能成为律师。1857年以前，该公会的会员排他地享有在海事法庭和教会法庭执业的权利。1857年以后，律师〔advocate〕可以在任何法庭执业，出庭律师〔barrister〕可以在新成立的遗嘱检验和离婚法庭〔Probate and Divorce courts〕执业。1859年以后，出庭律师也可在海事法庭执业。1857年，公会为《遗嘱检验法庭法》〔Court of Probate Act〕撤销。
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wrongful life action
wrongful-life action. A lawsuit brought by or on behalf of a child with birth defects, alleging that but for the doctor-defendant’s negligent advice, the parents would not have conceived the child or, if they had, would have aborted the fetus to avoid the pain and suffering resulting from the child’s congenital defects. • Most jurisdictions
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medical evidence
Evidence furnished by a doctor, nurse, or other qualified medical person testifying in a professional capacity as an expert, or by a standard treatise on medicine or surgery. [Cases: Evidence 555.10. C.J.S. Evidence §§ 639–643.]
psychiatric
psychiatric (sI-kee-at-rik), adj. Of or relating to the study or treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders by medical doctors trained in the field of psychiatry.
J.S.D.
J.S.D. 法学博士 来自拉丁文「Juris Scientiae Doctor」，即「Doctor of the Science of law」，是法学高级学位的缩写。亦称作「Doctor of Juridical Science」或「Doctor of Jurisprudence」。J.S.D.是哲学博士〔Ph.D.〕层次的学位，仅有非常少的法律人〔lawyer〕获得这一学位。主要为那些志在从事法律学术与教学的人所攻读，甚至即便在法学院教员中间，拥有该学位也较为罕见。获得法学博士需要除LL.M.学位或与其相等同的学位之外进行至少一年的研读，以及完成一篇博士论文和通过博士论文主题的口头答辩〔oral examination〕。在一些法学院，该学位亦称作「S.J.D.」。