A temporary record used in bookkeeping to track receipts and disbursements of an uncertain nature until they are identified and posted in the appropriate ledgers and journals. • A suspense account does not appear in a final financial statement. It is a useful tool when, for example, a lump-sum receipt or expenditure must be broken […]
journal of notarial acts (noh-tair-ee-[schwa]l). The notary public’s sequential record of notarial transactions, usu. a bound book listing the date, time, and type of each official act, the type of instrument acknowledged or verified before the notary, the signature of each person whose signature is notarized, the type of information used to verify the identity
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betterment. 1. An improvement that increases the value of real property; esp., an enhancement in the nature of an alteration or addition that goes beyond repair or restoration to a former condition. [Cases: Improvements 1. C.J.S. Improvements §§ 2, 4.] 2. An improvement of a highway, railroad, or building that goes beyond repair or restoration.
international law 国际法 规范各主权国家相互关系及其权利义务等的法律原则。「international law」为英国学者杰里米·边沁〔Jeremy Bentham〕在1789年创制的新词，现已取代同义的「万民法」〔jus gentium; law of nations〕，成为通用名称。在现代，国际性关系不仅包括国与国之间的关系，也包括一些国际性组织、跨国公司及非政府组织甚至是个人(犯有战争罪或侵犯人权的人)。国际法亦作「public international law」;「law of nations」;「law of nature and nations」;「jus gentium」;「jus gentium publicum」;「jus inter gentes」;「foreign relations law」;「interstate law」;「law between states」。
dispatch money. Maritime law. An amount paid by a shipowner to a vessel’s charterer if the vessel’s cargo is unloaded at the port sooner than provided for in the agreement between the charterer and the shipowner. — Also termed dispatch. Cf. contract demurrage under DEMURRAGE. [Cases: Shipping 49(6). C.J.S. Shipping § 108.] “Some charters contain
alternat (awl-t[schwa]r-nit or al-ter-nah). [French] The rotation in precedence among states, diplomats, etc., esp. in the signing of treaties. • This practice gives each diplomat a copy of the treaty with the diplomat’s signature appearing first.
superinfeudation. Hist. The granting of one or more feuds out of a feudal estate. — Also termed superfeudation. Cf. SUBINFEUDATION. “Whatever may be the proper view of its origin and legal nature, the best mode of vividly picturing to ourselves the feudal organisation is to begin with the basis, to consider the relation of the
The constitutional right of privacy to form and preserve certain intimate human relationships without intrusion by the state because the relationships safeguard individual freedom. • The group relationships protected by the right to freedom of intimate association are familial in nature and are characterized by deep attachments, a high degree of commitment, and the sharing
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freedom of association. The right to join with others in a common undertaking that would be lawful if pursued individually. • This right is protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The government may not prohibit outsiders from joining an association, but the insiders do not necessarily have a right to exclude others.
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learned-treatise rule. Evidence. An exception to the hearsay rule, by which a published text may be established as authoritative, either by expert testimony or by judicial notice. • Under the Federal Rules of Evidence, a statement contained in a published treatise, periodical, or pamphlet on sciences or arts (such as history and medicine) can be
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