open-source software. Software that is usu. not sold for profit, includes both human-readable source code and machine-readable object code, and allows users to freely copy, modify, or distribute the software. • Even though open-source software is made widely available for free, it may be protected by federal trademark law. See Planetary Motion, Inc. v. Techsplosion, […]
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universality. 1. Equality of applicability. 2. Copyright. A nation’s policy or practice of protecting an artist’s rights in his or her their creation irrespective of the creator’s nationality or where the work was created. • Universality, the most generous approach to international intellectual-property rights, is generally favored in countries that treat copyright as a moral
alliance. 1. A bond or union between persons, families, states, or other parties. Cf. STRATEGIC ALLIANCE. 2. Int’l law. A union or association of two or more states or nations, usu. formed by league or treaty, esp. for jointly waging war or mutually protecting against and repelling hostile attacks. • An example its the North
examining board. An appointed group of public officials responsible for conducting the tests required by those applying for occupational and professional licenses. — Also termed board of examiners. [Cases: Licenses 21. C.J.S. Agriculture §§ 4.5; Architects § 4; Licenses §§ 37–38.]
approval of performance 施工许可 按建筑合同条款的要求，依据客观标准审查而给予的核准施工的决定。 (→certificate of architect or engineer)
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casebook method. An inductive system of teaching law in which students study specific cases to learn general legal principles. • Professor Christopher C. Langdell introduced the technique at Harvard Law School in 1869. The casebook method is now the most widely used form of instruction in American law schools. — Also termed case method; case
A long period (such as 1,000 years) specified as the duration of a mortgage, created to protect the mortgagor’s heirs’ interest in the land by not taking back title to the land once it is paid for, but rather by assigning title to a trustee who holds the title in trust for the mortgagor and
A petition filed with a bankruptcy court by a debtor seeking protection from creditors. — Also termed debtor’s petition. [Cases: Bankruptcy 2257. C.J.S. Bankruptcy § 51.]
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vandalism, n. 1. Willful or ignorant destruction of public or private property, esp. of artistic, architectural, or literary treasures. 2. The actions or attitudes of one who maliciously or ignorantly destroys or disfigures public or private property; active hostility to anything that is venerable or beautiful. — vandalize, vb. — vandalistic, adj.
counterfeit recording. Copyright. An unauthorized copy of a copyright-protected recording’s sounds, artwork, label, trademark, or packaging. — Also termed bootleg recording.
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