obnoxious, adj. 1. Offensive; objectionable (obnoxious behavior). 2. Contrary; opposed (a practice obnoxious to the principle of equal protection under the law). 3. Archaic. Exposed to harm; liable to something undesirable (actions obnoxious to criticism).
imperium (im-peer-ee-[schwa]m), n. [Latin] Roman law. Power or dominion; esp., the legal authority wielded by superior magistrates under the Republic, and later by the emperor under the Empire. • Imperium implied the right of military command, and the powers of corporal punishment, and of life and death over citizens. It was symbolized by the lictors
national treatment. Intellectual property. The policy or practice of a country that accords the citizens of other countries the same intellectual-property protection as it gives its own citizens, with no formal treaty of reciprocity required. • The principle of national treatment underlay the first international intellectual-property treaties in the 19th century, the Paris and Berne
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Copyright Act of 1976. A major revision of U.S. copyright law, extending the term of protection to the life of the author plus 50 years, measured from the date of creation; greatly expanding the types of works that qualify for protection; dropping the requirement that the work be published before it can be protected; making
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An event that comes between the initial event in a sequence and the end result, thereby altering the natural course of events that might have connected a wrongful act to an injury. • If the intervening cause is strong enough to relieve the wrongdoer of any liability, it becomes a superseding cause. A dependent intervening
Copyright. 1. The quality or state of being the product of independent creation and having a minimum degree of creativity. • Originality is a requirement for copyright protection. But this is a lesser standard than that of novelty in patent law: to be original, a work does not have to be novel or unique. Cf.
consecratio capitis (kon-s[schwa]-kray-shee-oh kap-i-tis). [Latin “consecrating the body”] Roman law. The act of declaring a wrongdoer an outlaw who could be killed on sight; the punishing of criminal behavior by re-legating an offender to the gods, i.e., leaving the person outside divine and human protection. See SACER; OUTLAWRY.
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dependency n. 附属国；附属地 在英国，曾指虽未被正式兼并但要服从英国司法管辖的地区或国家，它比殖民地的范围要广。 (→protectorate；trust territories)
An essential right that potentially affects the outcome of a lawsuit and is capable of legal enforcement and protection, as distinguished from a mere technical or procedural right.
antidestruction clause. A provision in a security protecting a shareholder’s conversion rights, in the event of a merger, by granting the shareholder a right to convert the securities into the securities that will replace the com-pany’s stock when the merger is complete. See convertible security under SECURITY.
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