payment into court. A party’s money or property deposited with a court for distribution after a proceeding according to the parties’ settlement or the court’s order. See INTERPLEADER. [Cases: Deposits in Court 1–12. C.J.S. Deposits in Court §§ 1, 4–40.]
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single-date-of-removal doctrine. Civil procedure. The principle that the deadline for removing a case from state court to federal court is 30 days from the day that any defendant receives a copy of the state-court pleading on which the removal is based. • If a later-served defendant seeks to remove a case to federal court more
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nul tiel record, n. [Law French “no such record”] A plea denying the existence of the record on which the plaintiff bases a claim. • Evidence may generally be introduced to invalidate the record only, not the statements in the record. See trial by record under TRIAL. [Cases: Judgment 914.] “The proper general issue in
(1765) Leach v.Money (1765) 〈英〉利奇诉莫尼案 国务大臣发出搜查令，命令搜寻《北不列颠人》〔The North Briton〕一书的作者、印刷商和出版商，因为该书被指称含有煽动性诽谤的内容。利奇同约翰·威尔克斯〔John Wilkes〕一起被国王的使者莫尼所逮捕。因其既非作者、印刷商，也非出版商，他在民诉法庭〔Common Pleas〕得到损害赔偿。该案被提交给曼斯菲尔德勋爵〔Lord Mansfield〕时，他谴责使用无具体指示的逮捕令〔general warrant〕。此后，这种令状不再继续使用。
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double complaint (教会法)双重控诉 指圣职候选人〔clerk〕或其他人对教会常任法官〔ordinary〕在一些宗教讼案中延迟或拒绝给予公平处理，例如处刑或授予其圣职等而向教省大主教提出的控诉。其所以称作双重控诉，因其既控诉法官，亦控诉被拒绝或拖延之案件的对方当事人。大主教核实情况后以诫谕〔monition〕责令教会常任法官陈述延迟理由，否则大主教亲审法院〔court of audience〕将对该案件进行公正评判。 (→duplex querela; duplicity；double pleading; joinder of causes of action)
Civil law. A plaintiff’s principal or primary claim against one or more defendants, contained in an original or validly amended pleading. — Also termed principal demand; principal action.
A claim not arising out of or relating to the conduct, occurrence, or transaction contained in the original pleading. • An amended pleading often relates back to the date when the original pleading was filed. Thus, a plaintiff may add claims to a suit without facing a statute-of-limitations bar, as long as the original pleading
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judgment of respondeat ouster 要求重作答辩的判决 对已作延诉答辩〔dilatory plea〕的被告，要求其就案件实体问题再作更为实质性的答辩的一种中间判决。
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record, n. 1. A documentary account of past events, usu. designed to memorialize those events. 2. Information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that, having been stored in an electronic or other medium, is retrievable in perceivable form. UCC § 5-102(14). 3. MINUTES(2). 4. The official report of the proceedings in a case,
surplusage (s[schwa]r-pl[schwa]s-ij). 1. Redundant words in a statute or legal instrument; language that does not add meaning (the court must give effect to every word, reading nothing as mere surplusage). [Cases: Statutes 202, 206. C.J.S. Statutes § 327.] 2. Extraneous matter in a pleading (allegations that are irrelevant to the case will be treated as