words
words n. 词；词句；言语 在法律上，该词通常指对某一特定的文件来说为恰当的，或者非常适于表达某一法律文件中的特定意图的术语或说法〔technical terms and phrases〕。
Search Results for: TEC
strict test
strict test. Evidence. The principle that disclosure of a privileged document, even when inadvertent, results in a waiver of the attorney–client privilege regarding the document, unless all possible precautions were taken to protect the document from disclosure. Cf. LENIENT TEST; HYDRAFLOW TEST. [Cases: Witnesses 219(3).]
free trade
free trade, n. The open and unrestricted import and export of goods without barriers, such as quotas or tariffs, other than those charged only as a revenue source, as opposed to those designed to protect domestic businesses. Cf. protective tariff under TARIFF(2).
cost benefit analysis
cost-benefit analysis. An analytical technique that weighs the costs of a proposed decision, holding, or project against the expected advantages, economic or otherwise.
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judicial insurance
Insurance intended to protect litigants and others involved in the court system.
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inchmaree clause
Inchmaree clause (inch-m[schwa]-ree).Maritime law. An insurance-policy provision that protects against risks not caused by nature, such as a sailor’s negligence or a latent defect in machinery. • This term is taken from a British ship, the Inchmaree, whose sinking in 1884 gave rise to litigation that led to the clause bearing its name. — Also
strict scrutiny test
strict scrutiny test 〈美〉严格审查(标准) 指法院在审查可疑分类〔suspect classifications〕如种族等是否违反平等法律保护条款〔Equal Protection Clause〕，以及在正当法律程序分析中对政府行为是否侵犯诸如投票权等公民基本权利时，用以评价政府行为合宪性的标准。「strict scrutiny」一词由美国最高法院大法官威廉·O.道格拉斯〔William O.Douglas〕于1942年在一起案件中首次使用。尽管先前对该标准多有歧见，但近年来美国最高法院对其表达渐趋一致。该标准要求被诉政府行为必须为实现「紧迫性」〔compelling〕政府利益所必需〔necessary〕，因而它是美国法院已阐明的三层次审查标准中最严厉的一项审查标准。一般性(最低)审查〔ordinary (minimum) scrutiny〕适用于政府对人们及其活动的大多数分类基础，例如，财产(或无财产)等经济和社会因素。该标准仅要求政府能证明此项分类计划与「合法」〔legitimate〕政府利益之间有「合理」〔reasonable〕关联。中度审查〔intermediate level scrutiny〕适用于以性别和无合法身份〔illegitimacy〕为基础的分类，它要求政府行为必须与「重要」〔important〕政府利益之间有实质性〔substantial〕关联。与法院假定立法或被诉政府行为合宪、原告负有证明其违宪责任的一般性审查相比，严格审查假定立法或被诉政府行为是违宪的，政府负有证明其具有紧迫性利益的责任。法院在确定被诉立法或政府行为的有效性时，必须集中在政府目的之上，而不仅仅是政府行为后果上。
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facially sufficient
facially sufficient, adj. (Of a document) appearing valid on its face. • A search-warrant affidavit’s facial sufficiency will not protect it from attack if the affidavit is based on false testimony by the officer making the affidavit. See FRANKS HEARING.
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conserve
conserve, vb. 1. To take care of; to care for. 2. To protect from change, destruction, or depletion. 3. To reduce or minimize the use of.
bona fide occupational qualification
An employment qualification that, although it may discriminate against a protected class (such as sex, religion, or national origin), relates to an essential job duty and is considered reasonably necessary to the operation of the particular business. • Such a qualification is not illegal under federal employment-discrimination laws. — Abbr. BFOQ. [Cases: Civil Rights 1118,
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