dual-sovereignty doctrine. The rule that the federal and state governments may both prosecute someone for a crime, without violating the constitutional protection against double jeopardy, if the person’s act violated both jurisdictions’ laws. See DUAL-PROSECUTION RULE. [Cases: Double Jeopardy 186. C.J.S. Criminal Law § 258.]
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Two- or three-dimensional works of graphic, fine, or applied art that are eligible for copyright protection. • This is one of eight general classifications covered by copyright law. Examples are globes, architectural drawings, photographs, and models. 17 USCA § 101. — Abbr. PGS. [Cases: Copyrights and Intellectual Property 6. C.J.S. Copyrights and Intellectual Property §
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warren (wor-[schwa]n orwahr-[schwa]n). 1. A place for the preservation of certain wildlife (such as pheasants, partridges, or rabbits). 2. A privilege to keep wildlife or game in a warren. 3. The area to which the privilege extends. free warren. A warren privilege giving the grantee the sole right to kill the wildlife to the extent
European Copyright Directive. An official instruction of the European Union designed to promote uniformity in certain aspects of copyright law and related rights, esp. on the Internet. • Officially titled Directive 2001/29 on the Harmonisation of Certain Aspects of Copyright and Related Rights in the Information Society, this is the European Union equivalent of the
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A subscribing witness’s certificate acknowledging the act of witnessing. • Even though this certificate is technically an acknowledgment and not a true jurat, the phrase witness jurat is commonly used. See ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
inlawry. The restoration of an outlawed person’s rights and protections under the law. See INLAGATION.
capitula de judaeis (k[schwa]-pich-[schwa]-l[schwa] dee joo-dee-is). [Latin “chapters on the Jews”] Hist. 1. Laws concerning the Jews. 2. Questions posed by the justices in eyre to determine the amount a Jew would pay to receive the king’s protection and a license to conduct business. • The capitula de judaeis reflected the pervasive anti-Semitism of medieval
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An association of business organizations having similar concerns and engaged in similar fields, formed for mutual protection, the interchange of ideas and statistics, and the establishment and maintenance of industry standards. • A trade association may be composed of members of a single industry (e.g., the Chemical Manufacturers Association) or members having a common interest
passport. 1. A formal document certifying a person’s identity and citizenship so that the person may travel to and from a foreign country. [Cases: Citizens 10. 2. C.J.S. Citizens §§ 24–27.] 2. SEA LETTER. 3. SAFE CONDUCT . “A passport is the universally accepted evidence of a person’s identity and nationality. It does not give
durational-residency requirement. The requirement that one be a state resident for a certain time, such as one year, as a precondition to the exercise of a specified right or privilege. • When applied to voting, this requirement has been held to be an unconstitutional denial of equal protection because it burdens voting rights and impairs
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